Nmap-6.46发布(Nmap介绍及下载地址)-网络安全扫描工具
Nmap简介
nmap ("network mapper") is a free and open source (license) utility for network discovery and security auditing. many systems and network administrators also find it useful for tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime. nmap uses raw ip packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and os versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics. it was designed to rapidly scan large networks, but works fine against single hosts. nmap runs on all major computer operating systems, and official binary packages are available for linux, windows, and mac os x. in addition to the classic command-line nmap executable, the nmap suite includes an advanced gui and results viewer (zenmap), a flexible data transfer, redirection, and debugging tool (ncat), a utility for comparing scan results (ndiff), and a packet generation and response analysis tool (nping).
nmap是一个网络连接端扫描软件，用来扫描网上电脑开放的网络连接端。确定哪些服务运行在哪些连接端，并且推断计算机运行哪个操作系统（这是亦称 fingerprinting）。它是网络管理员必用的软件之一，以及用以评估网络系统保安。
正如大多数被用于网络安全的工具，nmap 也是不少黑客及骇客（又称脚本小子）爱用的工具 。系统管理员可以利用nmap来探测工作环境中未经批准使用的服务器，但是黑客会利用nmap来搜集目标电脑的网络设定，从而计划攻击的方法。
NMAP的特点:
Flexible: Supports dozens of advanced techniques for mapping out networks filled with IP filters, firewalls, routers, and other obstacles. This includes many port scanning mechanisms (both TCP & UDP), OS detection, version detection, ping sweeps, and more. See the documentation page.
Powerful: Nmap has been used to scan huge networks of literally hundreds of thousands of machines.
portable: most operating systems are supported, including linux, microsoft windows, freebsd, openbsd, solaris, irix, mac os x, hp-ux, netbsd, sun os, amiga, and more.
Easy: While Nmap offers a rich set of advanced features for power users, you can start out as simply as "nmap -v -A targethost". Both traditional command line and graphical (GUI) versions are available to suit your preference. Binaries are available for those who do not wish to compile Nmap from source.
Free: The primary goals of the Nmap Project is to help make the Internet a little more secure and to provide administrators/auditors/hackers with an advanced tool for exploring their networks. Nmap is available for free download, and also comes with full source code that you may modify and redistribute under the terms of the license.
Well Documented: Significant effort has been put into comprehensive and up-to-date man pages, whitepapers, tutorials, and even a whole book! Find them in multiple languages here.
supported: while nmap comes with no warranty, it is well supported by a vibrant community of developers and users. most of this interaction occurs on the nmap mailing lists. most bug reports and questions should be sent to the nmap-dev list, but only after you read the guidelines. we recommend that all users subscribe to the low-traffic nmap-hackers announcement list. you can also find nmap on facebook and twitter. for real-time chat, join the #nmap channel on freenode or efnet.
Acclaimed: Nmap has won numerous awards, including "Information Security Product of the Year" by Linux Journal, Info World and Codetalker Digest. It has been featured in hundreds of magazine articles, several movies, dozens of books, and one comic book series. Visit the press page for further details.
popular: thousands of people download nmap every day, and it is included with many operating systems (redhat linux, debian linux, gentoo, freebsd, openbsd, etc). it is among the top ten (out of 30,000) programs at the freshmeat.net repository. this is important because it lends nmap its vibrant development and user support communities.
Nmap命令格式及用法如下:
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
-iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
--exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
--excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
-sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
-Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
--dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
--system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
--scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
--top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
--port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
--version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
--version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
--version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
-sC: equivalent to --script=default
--script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
directories, script-files or script-categories
--script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
--script-trace: Show all data sent and received
--script-updatedb: Update the script database.
OS DETECTION:
-O: Enable OS detection
--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
--min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
probe round trip time.
--max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
--host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
--min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
--max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
-f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
-e <iface>: Use specified interface
-g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
--data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
--ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
--ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
--spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
--badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
--reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
--open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
--packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
--iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
--log-errors: Log errors/warnings to the normal-format output file
--append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
--resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
--stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
--webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
--no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
--datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
--send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
--privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
--unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.Nmap 使用举例:
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
----------------------------------------------------
进行ping扫描，打印出对扫描做出响应的主机,不做进一步测试(如端口扫描或者操作系统探测)：
nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24
仅列出指定网络上的每台主机，不发送任何报文到目标主机：
nmap -sL 192.168.1.0/24
探测目标主机开放的端口，可以指定一个以逗号分隔的端口列表(如-PS22，23，25，80)：
nmap -PS 192.168.1.234
使用UDP ping探测主机：
nmap -PU 192.168.1.0/24
使用频率最高的扫描选项：SYN扫描,又称为半开放扫描，它不打开一个完全的TCP连接，执行得很快：
nmap -sS 192.168.1.0/24
当SYN扫描不能用时，TCP Connect()扫描就是默认的TCP扫描：
nmap -sT 192.168.1.0/24
UDP扫描用-sU选项,UDP扫描发送空的(没有数据)UDP报头到每个目标端口:
nmap -sU 192.168.1.0/24
确定目标机支持哪些IP协议 (TCP，ICMP，IGMP等):
nmap -sO 192.168.1.19
探测目标主机的操作系统：
nmap -O 192.168.1.19
nmap -A 192.168.1.19
另外，nmap官方文档中的例子：
nmap -v scanme.
这个选项扫描主机scanme中 所有的保留TCP端口。选项-v启用细节模式。
nmap -sS -O scanme./24
进行秘密SYN扫描，对象为主机Saznme所在的“C类”网段 的255台主机。同时尝试确定每台工作主机的操作系统类型。因为进行SYN扫描 和操作系统检测，这个扫描需要有根权限。
nmap -sv -p 22，53，110，143，4564 198.116.0-255.1-127
进行主机列举和TCP扫描，对象为B类188.116网段中255个8位子网。这 个测试用于确定系统是否运行了sshd、DNS、imapd或4564端口。如果这些端口 打开，将使用版本检测来确定哪种应用在运行。
nmap -v -iR 100000 -P0 -p 80
随机选择100000台主机扫描是否运行Web服务器(80端口)。由起始阶段 发送探测报文来确定主机是否工作非常浪费时间，而且只需探测主机的一个端口，因 此使用-P0禁止对主机列表。
nmap -p0 -p80 -ox logs/pb-port80scan.xml -og logs/pb-port80scan.gnmap 216.163.128.20/20
扫描4096个IP地址，查找Web服务器(不ping)，将结果以Grep和XML格式保存。
host -l | cut -d -f 4 | nmap -v -iL -
进行DNS区域传输，以发现中的主机，然后将IP地址提供给 Nmap。上述命令用于GNU/Linux -- 其它系统进行区域传输时有不同的命令。
其他选项：
-p (只扫描指定的端口)
单个端口和用连字符表示的端口范 围(如 1-1023)都可以。当既扫描TCP端口又扫描UDP端口时，可以通过在端口号前加上T: 或者U:指定协议。 协议限定符一直有效直到指定另一个。 例如，参数 -p U:53，111，137，T:21-25，80，139，8080 将扫描UDP 端口53，111，和137，同时扫描列出的TCP端口。
-F (快速 (有限的端口) 扫描)
nmap-6.46下载地址: nmap-6.46下载地址
网络安全审计工具 Nmap NMap的图形用户界面 Zenmap nmap 图形界面 NmapSi4 请问nmap 能对一个ip 的仅仅一个端口探测吗？？？ nmap扫描服务器端口(远程桌面端口) nmap 扫描端口 1015/1016 open, 请问有人知道nmap的中文资料在哪里有吗？ PHP的NMAP通讯类 ADV_NET
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本文标题:Nmap-6.46发布(Nmap介绍及下载地址)-网络安全扫描工具