安装一下GI,由于自己的笔记本资源有限，安装了Oracle11g GI，以便自己能学习ASM。安装完成之后一切都很正常。
但是今天启动以后发现报错如下：
[root@myrac1 ~]# su - grid
[grid@myrac1 ~]$ crsctl start has
查看ohasd.log日志
2014-02-19 18:02:42.143: [UiServer][2762939248] processMessage called
2014-02-19 18:02:42.144: [UiServer][2762939248] Sending message to PE. ctx= 0xa8be6268
2014-02-19 18:02:42.144: [UiServer][2762939248] Sending command to PE: 51
2014-02-19 18:02:42.144: [ CRSPE][2767141744] Processing PE command id=158. Description: [Stat Resource : 0xb1df7aa0]
2014-02-19 18:02:42.392: [ CRSPE][2767141744] PE Command [ Stat Resource : 0xb1df7aa0 ] has completed
2014-02-19 18:02:42.393: [ CRSPE][2767141744] UI Command [Stat Resource : 0xb1df7aa0] is replying to sender.
2014-02-19 18:02:42.395: [UiServer][2762939248] Done for ctx=0xa8be6268
2014-02-19 18:02:42.417: [UiServer][2756705136] Closed: remote end failed/disc.
2014-02-19 18:02:45.055: [UiServer][2756705136] S(0xa7fd3958): set Properties ( grid,0xb49c820)
2014-02-19 18:02:45.055: [UiServer][2756705136] S(0xa8bae2d8): Accepted client connection: saddr =(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(DEV=36)(KEY=CRSD_UI_SOCKET))daddr = (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=CRSD_UI_SOCKET))
2014-02-19 18:02:45.066: [UiServer][2762939248] processMessage called
2014-02-19 18:02:45.066: [UiServer][2762939248] Sending message to PE. ctx= 0xa8be8d90
2014-02-19 18:02:45.067: [UiServer][2762939248] Sending command to PE: 52
2014-02-19 18:02:45.067: [ CRSPE][2767141744] Processing PE command id=159. Description: [Stat Resource : 0xa45323b0]
2014-02-19 18:02:45.092: [ CRSPE][2767141744] PE Command [ Stat Resource : 0xa45323b0 ] has completed
2014-02-19 18:02:45.093: [ CRSPE][2767141744] UI Command [Stat Resource : 0xa45323b0] is replying to sender.
2014-02-19 18:02:46.427: [UiServer][2762939248] processMessage called
2014-02-19 18:02:46.428: [UiServer][2762939248] Sending message to PE. ctx= 0xa8bb23b0
2014-02-19 18:02:46.428: [UiServer][2762939248] Sending command to PE: 53
2014-02-19 18:02:46.428: [ CRSPE][2767141744] Processing PE command id=160. Description: [Stat Resource : 0xa453f3b8]
2014-02-19 18:02:46.436: [ CRSPE][2767141744] PE Command [ Stat Resource : 0xa453f3b8 ] has completed
2014-02-19 18:02:46.437: [ CRSPE][2767141744] UI Command [Stat Resource : 0xa453f3b8] is replying to sender.
查看相关服务启动情况
[grid@myrac1 ohasd]$ ps -ef|grep cssd
grid 5402 4816 0 18:15 pts/3 00:00:00 grep cssd
[grid@myrac1 ohasd]$ ps -ef|grep has
grid 2857 1 1 17:29 ? 00:00:34 /g01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/bin/ohasd.bin reboot
grid 5432 4816 0 18:16 pts/3 00:00:00 grep has
[grid@myrac1 ohasd]$ ps -ef|grep d.bin
grid 2857 1 1 17:29 ? 00:00:34 /g01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/bin/ohasd.bin reboot
grid 3028 1 0 17:31 ? 00:00:01 /g01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
grid 3140 1 0 17:32 ? 00:00:20 /g01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/bin/oraagent.bin
grid 3206 1 0 17:32 ? 00:00:04 /g01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/bin/cssdagent
grid 3240 1 0 17:32 ? 00:00:03 /g01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/bin/orarootagent.bin
grid 3253 1 0 17:32 ? 00:00:14 /g01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/bin/diskmon.bin -d -f
grid 5461 4816 1 18:17 pts/3 00:00:00 grep d.bin
发现has服务没有启动，按理来说是开机自启动，应该会自动执行init.ohasd run命令
[grid@myrac1 ohasd]$ cat /etc/inittab |grep ohasd
既然ohasd服务没有启动，于是手工启动
[root@myrac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/init.ohasd run
mkfifo: cannot create fifo `/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd': File exists
一直在运行，没有终止的，很像tomcat的运行方式，不过可以让它在后台运行，加&即可。
过一会儿查看资源启动情况
[grid@myrac1 ohasd]$ crsctl status res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA_DG.dg ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.DG_FRA.dg ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.SYS_DG.dg ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE myrac1 Started
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.diskmon ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.hjj.db OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown
[grid@myrac1 ohasd]$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA_DG.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.DG_FRA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.SYS_DG.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.cssd ora.cssd.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.diskmon ora....on.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.hjj.db ora....se.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
只有ora.hjj.db是offline的，因为还没有启动数据库，启动之后就会变成ONLINE。
启动ASM实例
[grid@myrac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 19 17:34:03 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
SQL> startup
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
SQL> shutdown immediater
SP2-0717: illegal SHUTDOWN option
SQL> shutdown immediate
ASM diskgroups dismounted
ASM instance shutdown
SQL> startup
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 284565504 bytes
Fixed Size 1336036 bytes
Variable Size 258063644 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
启动数据库
[oracle@myrac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 19 18:40:55 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 313860096 bytes
Fixed Size 1336232 bytes
Variable Size 130026584 bytes
Database Buffers 176160768 bytes
Redo Buffers 6336512 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
查看资源启动情况
[grid@myrac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA_DG.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.DG_FRA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.SYS_DG.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.cssd ora.cssd.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.diskmon ora....on.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
ora.hjj.db ora....se.type ONLINE ONLINE myrac1
如果发现有个资源没有启动，可以使用crsctl start res resource_name进行启动.
至此问题得到解决。
总结：在启动服务的时候，要时刻关注后台日志，做了哪些动作，这样才能清楚知道在哪个环节出错，以便快速定问题，解决问题。
附：常用命令
检查has的启动状态
crsctl check has
检查css的启动状态
crsctl check css
检查资源的启动情况
crs_stat -t -v
crsctl status res -t
启动某个资源
crsctl start res resource_name
ocr信息
ocrcheck
查看数据库hjj的配置信息
srvctl config database -d hjj
查看某个资源的参数
crs_stat -p ora.hjj.db
crsctl命令的用法
[grid@myrac1 ~]$ crsctl -h
Usage: crsctl add - add a resource, type or other entity
crsctl check - check a service, resource or other entity
crsctl config - output autostart configuration
crsctl debug - obtain or modify debug state
crsctl delete - delete a resource, type or other entity
crsctl disable - disable autostart
crsctl enable - enable autostart
crsctl get - get an entity value
crsctl getperm - get entity permissions
crsctl lsmodules - list debug modules
crsctl modify - modify a resource, type or other entity
crsctl query - query service state
crsctl pin - Pin the nodes in the nodelist
crsctl relocate - relocate a resource, server or other entity
crsctl replace - replaces the location of voting files
crsctl setperm - set entity permissions
crsctl set - set an entity value
crsctl start - start a resource, server or other entity
crsctl status - get status of a resource or other entity
crsctl stop - stop a resource, server or other entity
crsctl unpin - unpin the nodes in the nodelist
crsctl unset - unset a entity value, restoring its default
oracle高可用服务发布版本
crsctl query has releaseversion
oracle高可用服务版本
crsctl query has softwareversion
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