1.语法：TO_NUMBER(string[,format[,nlsparams]])
目的：将CHAR或VARCHAR2类型的string转换为一个NUMBER类型的数值，如果指定了format,那么string应该遵循相应的数字格式。
2.范例
DECLARE
    v_Num   NUMBER;
BEGIN
    v_Num   :=   TO_NUMBER( '$12345.67 ', '$99999.99 ');
END;

 

Oracle UTL_RAW

General Information Source {ORACLE_HOME}/rdbms/admin/utlraw.sql First Available 7.3.4 Constants Name Data Type Value big_endian PLS_INTEGER 1 little_endian PLS_INTEGER 2 machine_endian PLS_INTEGER 3 Dependencies 179 objects

SELECT name FROM dba_dependencies
WHERE referenced_name = 'UTL_RAW'
UNION
SELECT referenced_name FROM dba_dependencies
WHERE name = 'UTL_RAW';





Exceptions Error # Name Description VALUE_ERROR ORA-6502 An arithmetic, conversion, truncation, or size-constraint error. Usually raised by trying to cram a 6 character string into a VARCHAR2(5). Required Object Privileges GRANT execute on UTL_RAW GRANT execute ON utl_raw TO UWCLASS;   BIT_AND Perform bitwise logical "and" of the values in raw r1 with raw r2 and return the "anded" result raw utl_raw.bit_and(r1 IN RAW, r2 IN RAW) RETURN RAW; SELECT utl_raw.bit_and('0102F3', 'F30201')
FROM dual;
  BIT_COMPLEMENT Perform bitwise logical "complement" of the values in raw and return the "complement'ed" result raw utl_raw.bit_complement(r IN RAW) RETURN RAW; SELECT utl_raw.bit_complement('0102F3')
FROM dual;
  BIT_OR Perform bitwise logical "or" of the values in raw r1 with raw r2 and return the "or'd" result raw utl_raw.bit_or(r1 IN RAW, r2 IN RAW) RETURN RAW; SELECT utl_raw.bit_or('0102F3', 'F30201')
FROM dual;
  BIT_XOR Perform bitwise logical "exclusive or" of the values in raw r1 with raw r2 and return the "xor'd" result raw utl_raw.bit_xor(r1 IN RAW, r2 IN RAW) RETURN RAW; SELECT utl_raw.bit_xor('0102F3', 'F30201')
FROM dual;
  CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE Return the RAW representation of a binary_double value utl_raw.cast_from_binary_double(n IN BINARY_DOUBLE,
endianess IN PLS_INTEGER DEFAULT 1) RETURN RAW;
SELECT utl_raw.cast_from_binary_double(123.45)
FROM dual;
  CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT Return the RAW representation of a binary_float value utl_raw.cast_from_binary_float(n IN BINARY_FLOAT,
endianess IN PLS_INTEGER DEFAULT 1) RETURN RAW;
SELECT utl_raw.cast_from_binary_float(123.45)
FROM dual;
  CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER Return the RAW representation of a binary_integer value utl_raw.cast_from_binary_integer(
n         IN BINARY_INTEGER,
endianess IN PLS_INTEGER DEFAULT 1) RETURN RAW;

SELECT utl_raw.cast_from_binary_integer(100)
FROM dual;
  CAST_FROM_NUMBER Returns the binary representation of a NUMBER in RAW utl_raw.cast_from_number(n IN NUMBER) RETURN RAW; SELECT utl_raw.cast_from_number(100)
FROM dual;
  CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE Perform a casting of the binary representation of the raw into a binary_double. cast_to_binary_double(
r         IN RAW,
endianess IN PLS_INTEGER DEFAULT 1) RETURN BINARY_DOUBLE;

SELECT utl_raw.cast_to_binary_double('405EDCCCCCCCCCCD')
FROM dual;
  CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT Perform a casting of the binary representation of the raw into a binary_float utl_raw.cast_to_binary_float(
n         IN BINARY_FLOAT,
endianess IN PLS_INTEGER DEFAULT 1) RETURN RAW;

SELECT utl_raw.cast_to_binary_float('42F6E666')
FROM dual;
  CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER Perform a casting of the binary representation of the raw into a binary integer utl_raw.cast_to_binary_integer(
r         IN RAW,
endianess IN PLS_INTEGER DEFAULT 1) RETURN BINARY_INTEGER;

SELECT utl_raw.cast_to_binary_integer('00000064')
FROM dual;
  CAST_TO_NUMBER Perform a casting of the binary representation of the number (in RAW) into a NUMBER utl_raw.cast_to_number(r IN RAW) RETURN NUMBER; SELECT utl_raw.cast_to_number('C202')
FROM dual;
  CAST_TO_NVARCHAR2
Converts a RAW represented using n data bytes into NVARCHAR2 with n data bytes
utl_raw.cast_to_nvarchar2(r IN RAW) RETURN NVARCHAR2; set serveroutput on

BEGIN
  FOR i IN 100..200 LOOP
    dbms_output.put_line(
    utl_raw.cast_to_nvarchar2(TO_CHAR(i)));
  END LOOP;
END;
/







  CAST_TO_RAW Converts a VARCHAR2 represented using n data bytes into a RAW with n data bytes utl_raw.cast_to_raw(r IN RAW) RETURN RAW; SELECT utl_raw.cast_to_raw('ABC')
FROM dual;
  CAST_TO_VARCHAR2 To extract a substring from a BLOB using a PL/SQL program use dbms_lob.substr(). The problem is that it returns a string in hexadecimal characters. CAST_TO_VARCHAR2 turns the hexadecimal string into readable ascii format. utl_raw.cast_to_nvarchar2(r IN RAW) RETURN VARCHAR2; set serveroutput on

BEGIN
  FOR i IN 100..200 LOOP
    dbms_output.put_line(utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2(TO_CHAR(i)));
  END LOOP;
END;
/






  COMPARE Compares raw r1 against raw r2. Returns 0 if r1 and r2 are identical, otherwise, returns the position of the first byte from r1 that does not match r2 utl_raw.compare(r1 IN RAW, r2 IN RAW,
pad IN RAW DEFAULT NULL) RETURN NUMBER;
SELECT utl_raw.compare(utl_raw.cast_to_raw('ABC'),
utl_raw.cast_to_raw('ACC'))
FROM dual;

  CONCAT
Concatenate a set of 12 raws into a single raw (up to 32K)
utl_raw.concat(r1 IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
r2  IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
r3  IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
r4  IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
r5  IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
r6  IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
r7  IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
r8  IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
r9  IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
r10 IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
r11 IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
r12 IN RAW DEFAULT NULL) RETURN RAW;










SELECT utl_raw.concat('A','41','B','42')
FROM dual;
  CONVERT
Convert raw from one character to a different character set and return the resulting raw
utl_raw.convert(
r            IN RAW,
to_charset   IN VARCHAR2,
from_charset IN VARCHAR2) RETURN RAW;


DECLARE
 fr_charset CONSTANT VARCHAR2(30) :=
 SUBSTR(SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'LANGUAGE'),
 INSTR(SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'LANGUAGE'),'.')+1);

 to_charset VARCHAR2(30) := 'TR8EBCDIC1026S';
 rawvar     RAW(100);
BEGIN
  dbms_output.put_line(fr_charset);
  dbms_output.put_line(to_charset);

  rawvar := utl_raw.convert(UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_RAW('Morgan'),
  'AMERICAN_AMERICA.'||to_charset,
  'AMERICAN_AMERICA.'||fr_charset);

  dbms_output.put_line(rawvar);
END;
/
















  COPIES Return n copies of r concatenated together utl_raw.copies(r IN RAW, n IN NUMBER) RETURN RAW; SELECT utl_raw.copies('A', 6)
FROM dual;
  LENGTH Return the length in bytes of a raw utl_raw.length(r IN RAW) RETURN NUMBER; SELECT utl_raw.length('ABC')
FROM dual;
  OVERLAY Overlay the specified portion of target raw with overlay raw, starting from byte position pos of target and proceeding for len bytes utl_raw.overlay(overlay_str IN RAW, target IN RAW,
pos IN BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT 1,
len IN BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT NULL,
pad IN RAW DEFAULT NULL) RETURN RAW;


SELECT utl_raw.overlay('1', 'AAABBBCCC', 4)
FROM dual;
  REVERSE Reverse a byte sequence in raw r from end to end utl_raw.reverse(r IN RAW) RETURN RAW; SELECT utl_raw.reverse('123')
FROM dual;
  SUBSTR
Return a substring portion of raw r beginning at pos for len bytes
utl_raw.substr(r IN RAW,
pos IN BINARY_INTEGER,
len IN BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT NULL) RETURN RAW;

set serveroutput on

DECLARE
 tmp  VARCHAR2(250) := '';
 vraw RAW(200) := utl_raw.cast_to_raw('ABCDEABCDEABCDE');
BEGIN
  FOR i IN 1 .. 15 LOOP
    tmp := tmp|| '0x' || utl_raw.substr(vraw, i, 1) || ' ';
    dbms_output.put_line(tmp);
  END LOOP;
END;
/










  TRANSLATE
Translate the bytes in the input r raw according to the bytes in the translation raws, from_set and to_set
utl_raw.translate(r IN RAW, from_set IN RAW, to_set IN RAW)
RETURN RAW;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION trans_demo(pin IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
 r_in  RAW(2000);
 r_out RAW(2000);
 r_ul  RAW(64);
 r_lu  RAW(64);
BEGIN
  r_in := utl_raw.cast_to_raw(pin);
  r_ul := utl_raw.cast_to_raw('ABCDEFabcdef');
  r_lu := utl_raw.cast_to_raw('abcdefABCDEF');

  r_out := utl_raw.translate(r_in , r_ul, r_lu);

  return(utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2(r_out));
END trans_demo;
/

SELECT trans_demo('FaDe') FROM dual;
SELECT trans_demo('FAde') FROM dual;

















  TRANSLITERATE
Transliterate the bytes in the input r raw according to the bytes in the transliteration raws, from_set and to_set
utl_raw.transliterate(r IN RAW, to_set IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
from_set IN RAW DEFAULT NULL, pad IN RAW DEFAULT NULL)
RETURN RAW;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION tl_demo(pin IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
 r_in  RAW(2000);
 r_out RAW(2000);
 r_up  RAW(64);
 r_lo  RAW(64);
 r_un  RAW(64) := utl_raw.cast_to_raw('_');
BEGIN
  r_in := utl_raw.cast_to_raw(pin);
  r_up := utl_raw.cast_to_raw('ABCDEF. ');
  r_lo := utl_raw.cast_to_raw('abcdef');

  r_out := utl_raw.transliterate(r_in , r_lo, r_up, r_un);

  return(utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2(r_out));
END tl_demo;
/

SELECT tl_demo('AB C.D') FROM dual;

















  XRANGE
Returns a raw containing all valid 1-byte encodings in succession beginning with the value start_byte and ending with the value end_byte.
utl_raw.xrange(start_byte IN RAW DEFAULT NULL,
end_byte IN RAW DEFAULT NULL) RETURN RAW;
SELECT utl_raw.xrange(utl_raw.cast_to_raw('A'),
utl_raw.cast_to_raw('Z'))
FROM dual;

SELECT utl_raw.xrange(utl_raw.cast_to_raw('0A'),
utl_raw.cast_to_raw('Z'))
FROM dual;