Oracle 每个季度都会发布最新的补丁。对于生产运维人员来说，定期升级系统、打补丁是日常工作中不可缺少的部分。
相对于过去的版本，Oracle打补丁的方式已经变得比较简单，处理PSU的方法也发生了一些变化。在11g中，对于一些小bug的修复，我们可以使用OPatch工具进行补丁修复。对于大的版本升级，Oracle的PSU实际上就是一系列全新的安装文件，从MOS上下载之后就可以直接进行安装。
1、关闭数据库
Oracle的PSU升级不更新数据字典，风险较小，但是还是需要停库进行升级操作。
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
停止监听服务。
[oracle@bntjftest 20299015]$ lsnrctl stop
检查服务进程
[oracle@bntjftest 20299015]$ ps aux | grep ora_
oracle 6922 0.0 0.0 5700 796 pts/3 S+ 17:48 0:00 grep ora_
[oracle@bntjftest 20299015]$ ps aux | grep tns
oracle 6924 0.0 0.0 5704 796 pts/3 S+ 17:48 0:00 grep tns
2、检查opatch版本信息，需要的话进行升级
[oracle@bntjftest OPatch]$ ./opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.1.7
OPatch succeeded.
检查发现opatch版本较低，为默认版本，所以需要升级opatch。升级方法很简单，直接mv掉原来的opatch目录，然后解压最新版本的opatch软件到ORACLE_HOME下面即可
[oracle@bntjftest OPatch]$ unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64-opatch .zip -d $ORACLE_HOME
再次检查版本，发现已经升级成功。
[oracle@bntjftest OPatch]$ ./opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.6
OPatch succeeded.
3、应用PSU补丁
1）插曲一、安装程序错误
[oracle@bntjftest OPatch]$ ./opatch apply ./20299015/
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /app/oraInventory
from : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-14_10-45-03AM_1.log
Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
Prerequisite check "CheckPatchApplicableOnCurrentPlatform" failed.
The details are:
Patch ( 20299015 ) is not applicable>UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
Log file location: /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-14_10-45-03AM_1.log
OPatch failed with error code 73
不使用自动模式，手工运行，一样报错：
[oracle@bntjftest 20299015]$ /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch napply -skip_subset -skip_duplicate
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /app/oraInventory
from : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-14_10-45-03AM_1.log
Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
Prerequisite check "CheckPatchApplicableOnCurrentPlatform" failed.
The details are:
Patch ( 20299015 ) is not applicable>UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
Log file location: /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-14_10-45-03AM_1.log
OPatch failed with error code 73
上网baidu，“ UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed”， 很快就查到解决办法，明确了其实就是因为有用户进程占用了文件libclntsh.so.11
[oracle@bntjftest 20299015]$ /sbin/fuser /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11 .1
/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1: 16470m
[oracle@bntjftest 20299015]$ ps -ef | grep 16470
oracle 16470 5399 0 14:45 pts/2 00:00:00 sqlplus as sysdba
oracle 7780 6617 0 18:47 pts/3 00:00:00 grep 16470
[oracle@bntjftest 20299015]$ kill -9 16470
[oracle@bntjftest 20299015]$ /sbin/fuser /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
3）再次重新应用PSU补丁，成功
[oracle@bntjftest 20299015]$ /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch napply -skip_subset -skip_duplicate
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /app/oraInventory
from : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-14_10-45-03AM_1.log
Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
OPatch continues with these patches: [17811429 17811438 17811447 18203835 18203837 18203838 19463893 19544839 19584068 19972564 19972566 19972568 19972569 20142975 20299015 20506699 20506715 20631274]
Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
All checks passed.
Provide your email address to be informed of security issues, install and
initiate Oracle Configuration Manager. Easier for you if you use your My
Oracle Support Email address/User Name.
Visit http://www.oracle.com/support/policies.html for details.
Email address/User Name:
You have not provided an email address for notification of security issues.
Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]: y
OPatch Session completed with warnings.
Log file location: /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-14_10-45-03AM_1.log
OPatch completed with warnings.
4、检查应用之后的结果
[oracle@bntjftest 20299015]$ ../opatch lspatches
20631274;
20506715;
20506699;
20299015;
20142975;
19972569;
19972568;
19972566;
19972564;
19584068;
19544839;
19463893;
18203838;
18203837;
18203835;
17811447;
17811438;
17811429;
[oracle@bntjftest 20299015]$ ../opatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /app/oraInventory
from : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-14_11-04-15AM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2015-05-14_11-04-15AM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g 11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 product(s) installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (18) :
Patch 20631274 : applied on Wed May 13 17:11:06 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18695736
Created on 13 Mar 2015, 10:25:35 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
20296213, 17600719, 19458377, 19554106, 20631274, 16524926, 19466309
Patch 20506715 : applied on Wed May 13 17:11:02 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18695736
Created on 13 Mar 2015, 10:23:10 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19049453, 19915271, 16450169, 17006570, 17811456, 18554871, 17786278
18096714, 18744139, 20506715, 18061914
Patch 20506699 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:57 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18695736
Created on 13 Mar 2015, 11:23:48 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
20506699, 19358317, 19197175, 19972570, 17762296
Patch 20299015 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:54 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18695736
Created on 13 Mar 2015, 10:28:05 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
20299015, 18139690, 18681862, 17343514, 19727057, 19271443, 19854503, 17551709
Patch 20142975 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:53 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18406185
Created on 22 Dec 2014, 00:47:05 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19827973, 19463897, 19289642, 20142975
Patch 19972569 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:51 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18406185
Created on 22 Dec 2014, 00:21:09 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19972569, 19006849
Patch 19972568 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:50 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18406185
Created on 22 Dec 2014, 00:13:36 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19972568, 19309466
Patch 19972566 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:48 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18406185
Created on 22 Dec 2014, 00:03:20 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19972566, 18641461, 18641451
Patch 19972564 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:45 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18406185
Created on 21 Dec 2014, 23:54:58 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19972564, 18436647
Patch 19584068 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:43 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18084194
Created on 24 Sep 2014, 07:43:52 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
18262334, 19584068
Patch 19544839 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:40 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18084194
Created on 11 Oct 2014, 01:43:34 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
18673325, 19544839, 19211724, 18673304
Patch 19463893 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:26 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18084194
Created on 24 Sep 2014, 06:28:06 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
19463893, 18641419
Patch 18203838 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:24 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 17351342
Created on 26 Feb 2014, 23:57:58 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
17865671, 18203838
Patch 18203837 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:21 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 17351342
Created on 26 Feb 2014, 23:48:38 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
17716305, 18203837
Patch 18203835 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:19 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 17351342
Created on 26 Feb 2014, 23:43:04 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
17721717, 18203835
Patch 17811447 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:17 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 17066906
Created on 11 Dec 2013, 02:20:51 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
17811447, 17088068
Patch 17811438 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:15 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 17066906
Created on 11 Dec 2013, 02:37:11 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
17811438, 16721594
Patch 17811429 : applied on Wed May 13 17:10:13 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 17066906
Created on 11 Dec 2013, 02:36:54 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
17811429, 13944971
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
SQL> select * from dba_registry_history;
ACTION_TIME ACTION NAMESPAC VERSION ID BUNDL COMMENTS
------------------------------ -------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----- --------------------
05-MAY-15 09.24.08.184589 AM APPLY SERVER 11.2.0.4 0 PSU Patchset 11.2.0.2.0
13-MAY-15 05.17.48.578053 PM APPLY SERVER 11.2.0.4 6 CPU CPUApr2015
2 rows selected.
：