在CentOS上MySQL数据库服务器配置方法
本文导语: 无意中还找到了CentOS的专业论坛,记住:http://www.centospub.com 于是,开始的学习配置 本次环境: CentOS系统, mysql-server(版本忘了,因为是使用yum安装的) 过程如下(转载,根据本人安装详细要求,略加修改) : 在提到网...
于是,开始的学习配置
本次环境:
CentOS系统,
mysql-server(版本忘了,因为是使用yum安装的)
过程如下(转载,根据本人安装详细要求,略加修改) :
在提到网站构架的时候,我们经常能够看到“LAMP”的说法,它就是“Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP”。 MySQL+PHP的协同成功案例已经很多了。比如国外的PHPBB,VBB,国内的Discuz!论坛等等程序,都是用PHP + MySQL实现的。和那些商务专用数据库比起来,MySQL的功能和规模可能被好多人说的逊色一些,但对于我们个人来说,它的功能已经算是完备。而且,通 过Discuz!官方论坛上同时在线人数的数目,也可以证明MySQL的稳定性。
这里,介绍一下CentOS下MySQL数据库服务器的构建方法。
首先,安装MySQL。
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
dag 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
update 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
addons 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
Reading repository metadata in from local files
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 106 kB 00:00
update : ################################################## 261/261
Added 5 new packages, deleted 0 old in 2.02 seconds
Reducing Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux to included packages only
Finished
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for mysql-server to pack into transaction set.
mysql-server-4.1.20-1.RHE 100% |=========================| 29 kB 00:00
---> Package mysql-server.i386 0:4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.14(libmysqlclient_14) for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBI for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: mysql = 4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1 for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.14 for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.14(libmysqlclient_14) for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.14 for package: mysql-server
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for perl-DBD-MySQL to pack into transaction set.
perl-DBD-MySQL-2.9004-3.1 100% |=========================| 5.4 kB 00:00
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:2.9004-3.1 set to be updated
---> Downloading header for mysql to pack into transaction set.
mysql-4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1.i3 100% |=========================| 35 kB 00:00
---> Package mysql.i386 0:4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1 set to be updated
---> Downloading header for perl-DBI to pack into transaction set.
perl-DBI-1.40-8.i386.rpm 100% |=========================| 11 kB 00:00
---> Package perl-DBI.i386 0:1.40-8 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check Installed: mysql-server.i386 0:4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1
Dependency Installed: mysql.i386 0:4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1 perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:2.9004-3.1 perl-DBI.i386 0:1.40-8
Complete!
然后,安装PHP访问MySQL数据库的工具“php-mysql”。
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Reducing Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux to included packages only
Finished
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for php-mysql to pack into transaction set.
php-mysql-4.3.9-3.15.i386 100% |=========================| 18 kB 00:00
---> Package php-mysql.i386 0:4.3.9-3.15 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check Installed: php-mysql.i386 0:4.3.9-3.15
Complete! 配置MySQL
然后,配置MySQL。
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x
# clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package).
old_passwords=1 ← 找到这一行,在这一行的下面添加新的规则,让MySQL的默认编码为UTF-8
default-character-set = utf8 ← 添加这一行
然后在配置文件的文尾填加如下语句:
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8 启动MySQL服务
启动MySQL,并让MySQL在系统重新启动后随系统自动启动。
[root@sample ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld ← 确认MySQL自启动
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off ← 如果2--5为on的状态就OK
[root@sample ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start ← 启动MySQL服务
Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ]
Starting MySQL: [ OK ] MySQL初始环境设定
[1]为MySQL的root用户设置密码
MySQL在刚刚被安装的时候,它的root用户是没有被设置密码的。首先来设置MySQL的root密码。
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2 to server version: 4.1.20
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息
+------+------------------------------+---------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+------------------------------+---------------+
| root | localhost | | ← root密码为空
| root | sample.centospub.com | | ← root密码为空
| | sample.centospub.com | |
| | localhost | |
+------+------------------------------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('在这里填入root密码'); ← 设置root密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set password for root@'sample.centospub.com'=password('在这里填入root密码'); ← 设置root密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
| root | localhost | 19b68057189b027f | ← root密码被设置
| root | sample.centospub.com | 19b68057189b027f | ← root密码被设置
| | sample.centospub.com | |
| | localhost | |
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
Bye
然后,测试一下root密码有没有生效。
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) ← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -h sample.centospub.com ← 通过空密码用root登录
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) ← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. ← 确认用密码能够成功登录
Your MySQL connection id is 5 to server version: 4.1.20 mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye
[2] 删除匿名用户
在MySQL刚刚被安装后,存在用户名、密码为空的用户。这使得数据库服务器有无需密码被登录的可能性。为消除隐患,将匿名用户删除。
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7 to server version: 4.1.20 mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye
[3] 删除测试用数据库
在MySQL被安装后,存在名为test的空数据库,将它删除。这里要注意的是,系统默认的还有一个名为mysql的数据库,它用于系统管理,所以请不要删除。
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> show databases; ← 查看系统已存在的数据库
+-------------+
| Database |
+-------------+
| mysql |
| test |
+------------+
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> drop database test; ← 删除名为test的空数据库
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> show databases; ← 查看系统已存在的数据库
+-------------+
| Database |
+-------------+
| mysql | ← 确认名为test的数据库被删除,已不存在
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Bye 测试MySQL
下面对MySQL进行测试。包括建立新用户,以及用对关系性数据库进行数据库操作的指令来试着建立数据库及数据表。这里,新建用户以centospub为例。
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9 to server version: 4.1.20 mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye
然后,删除测试用过的遗留用户。
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12 to server version: 4.1.20 mysql> exit
Bye
最后,重新启动一次HTTP服务,让php-mysql反映到HTTP服务中。
Stopping httpd: [ OK ]
Starting httpd: [ OK ]
终于搞掂!
(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……,接下来配置phpmyadmin....