实现 nginx 根据 短链接 进行分发跳转的服务器。配置代码如下。
#user nobody;
#启动 8 个 nginx 进程
worker_processes 8;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
# 用 epoll,最大连接数
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
# 由于只做转发,将超时时间设为 0
keepalive_timeout 0;
#gzip on;
# 反向代理 ttserver 1 号机,这里我放在一台机器上开了三个不同端口
upstream backend_1 {
server 127.0.0.10:11221 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=1s;
}
# 反向代理 ttserver 2 号机
upstream backend_2 {
server 127.0.0.10:11221 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=1s;
}
# 反向代理 ttserver 3 号机
upstream backend_3 {
server 127.0.0.10:11221 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=1s;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name url.cn;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
#当路径包含/count的时候,则代理到ttserver后端进行请求数据。
#请注意,这里屏蔽了PUT,DELETE,POST方法,只是使用了GET,主要目的是为了安全性,
#因为DELETE,POST,PUT是可以修改数据的
location ~* /count(.*) {
if ($request_method = PUT ) {
return 403;
}
if ($request_method = DELETE ) {
return 403;
}
if ($request_method = POST ) {
return 403;
}
proxy_method GET;
}
#将以 a-z 为第一个字符的 url 代理到 ttserver 1 号机
location ~* "^/([a-z]{1})([a-zA-Z0-9]{5})" {
proxy_pass http://backend_1;
}
#将以 A-Z 为第一个字符的 url 代理到 ttserver 2 号机
location ~* "^/([A-Z]{1})([a-zA-Z0-9]{5})" {
proxy_pass http://backend_2;
}
#将以 0-9 为第一个字符的 url 代理到 ttserver 3 号机
location ~* "^/([0-9]{1})([a-zA-Z0-9]{5})" {
proxy_pass http://backend_3;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
本文介绍nginx在mac上的安装。
我是通过brewhome 来安装的。
brew install nginx 一路顺畅。
下面是安装信息。
hematoMacBook-Pro:~ hechangmin$ brew search nginx
nginx
hematoMacBook-Pro:~ hechangmin$ brew install nginx
==> Installing nginx dependency: pcre
==> Downloading ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.13.
######################################################################## 100.0%
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/pcre/8.13 --enable-utf8 --enable-unic
==> make test
==> make install
/usr/local/Cellar/pcre/8.13: 111 files, 2.9M, built in 54 seconds
==> Installing nginx
==> Downloading http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.8.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Patching
patching file auto/lib/pcre/conf
patching file conf/nginx.conf
==> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.0.8 --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre --conf-path=/usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/usr/local/var/ngi
==> make install
==> Caveats
In the interest of allowing you to run `nginx` without `sudo`, the default
port is set to localhost:8080.
If you want to host pages on your local machine to the public, you should
change that to localhost:80, and run `sudo nginx`. You'll need to turn off
any other web servers running port 80, of course.
You can start nginx automatically on login running as your user with:
mkdir -p ~/Library/LaunchAgents
cp /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.0.8/org.nginx.nginx.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/org.nginx.nginx.plist
Though note that if running as your user, the launch agent will fail if you
try to use a port below 1024 (such as http's default of 80.)
Warning: /usr/local/sbin is not in your PATH
You can amend this by altering your ~/.bashrc file
==> Summary
/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.0.8: 6 files, 616K, built in 19 seconds
hematoMacBook-Pro:~ hechangmin$
启动nginx ,sudo nginx ;访问localhost:8080 发现已出现nginx的欢迎页面了。
备注: ln -s /usr/local/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx 做了个软连接。
常用的指令有:
nginx -v 查看版本
nginx -c filename 指定配置文件
nginx -h 帮助
nginx -s [reloadreopenstopquit]
brewhome 常用的指令:
brew install mysql : 安装具体的程序包
brew info mysql : 查看具体程序的信息
brew uninstall mysql : 卸载具体的应用(这里只是用mysql 作个例子)
配置文件地址:/usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
编辑内容,可以制定web 目录,以及PHP 、python 等。
正则表达式匹配,其中:
* ~ 为区分大小写匹配
* ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
* !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配
文件及目录匹配,其中:
* -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
* -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
* -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
* -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有:
* last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记,表示完成rewrite
* break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
* redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
* permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
一些可用的全局变量有,可以用做条件判断(待补全)
$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri
结合QeePHP的例子
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
break;
多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
set $sub_name $1;
rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
}
目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下:
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
}
目录自动加“/”
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
禁止htaccess
deny all;
}
禁止多个目录
deny all;
break;
}
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
deny all;
}
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
deny all;
}
禁止单个文件
deny all;
}
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}
location ~(robots.txt) {
log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
}
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志,减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
return 412;
break;
}
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
}
只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码
allow 208.97.167.194;
allow 222.33.1.2;
allow 231.152.49.4;
deny all;
auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghai job/ 指向 /area/shanghai /
如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录,而我的rewrite不是的,所以没有效果
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
知道原因后就好办了,让我手动跳转吧
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
}
域名跳转
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
access_log off;
}
多域名转向
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
}
三级域名跳转
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
break;
}
域名镜向
{
listen 80;
server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
access_log off;
}
某个子目录作镜向
rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
break;
}
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\=$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
location = / {
if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) {
rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
break;
}
}
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
}
expires 300;
break;
}
}
jspace rewrite
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~* ^/index.php/
{
rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}