详细介绍Android中回调函数机制
本文导语: 提示:在阅读本文章之前,请确保您对Touch事件的分发机制有一定的了解 在Android的学习过程中经常会听到或者见到“回调”这个词,那么什么是回调呢?所谓的回调函数就是:在A类中定义了一个方法,这个方法中用到了一个...
提示:在阅读本文章之前,请确保您对Touch事件的分发机制有一定的了解
在Android的学习过程中经常会听到或者见到“回调”这个词,那么什么是回调呢?所谓的回调函数就是:在A类中定义了一个方法,这个方法中用到了一个接口和该接口中的抽象方法,但是抽象方法没有具体的实现,需要B类去实现,B类实现该方法后,它本身不会去调用该方法,而是传递给A类,供A类去调用,这种机制就称为回调。
下面我们拿具体的Button的点击事件进行模拟分析:
首先,在View类中我们能找到setOnClickListener(OnClickListener l)方法:
public void setOnClickListener(OnClickListener l) {
if (!isClickable()) {
setClickable(true);
}
getListenerInfo().mOnClickListener = l;
}
可以看到,在该方法中将OnClickListener赋值给了mOnClickListener,那么我们继续向下找,会看到在performClick()方法中执行了我们实现的onClick()方法。
public boolean performClick() {
sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {
playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
return true;
}
return false;
}
由此我们可以清楚的看不到,在父类中我们要用到onClick()方法,但是父类却没有去实现该方法,而是定义了一个方法setOnClickListener(OnClickListener l),如果子类想要自己能够响应点击事件,则它就必须重写父类的该方法,实现OnClickListener接口和它的onClick()方法。在子类实现该接口和方法后,将其通过参数传递给父类,在父类中执行onClick()方法。
那么,为什么会在父类中执行到该方法呢,这就要说到Android中的另一个重要的机制——触摸事件的传递机制。
我们知道,只要我们的手指触摸到手机屏幕,就一定会执行dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)方法,接下来我们就看一下dispatchTouchEvent方法中都有哪些内容:
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(event, 0);
}
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
//noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
&& (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
&& li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
return true;
}
if (onTouchEvent(event)) {
return true;
}
}
if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event, 0);
}
return false;
}
这里我们不细讲Touch事件的分发机制,因为网上有哥们已经讲的很清楚了。请参看篇首提供的链接。
我们看一下第17行,由于我们没有实现OnTouchListener接口,而onTouch()方法的默认返回值为false,所以第一个if语句中的代码不会被执行到,进入第二个if语句中,执行了onTouchEvent()方法。那么我们再来看一下该方法:
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
&& (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
setPressed(false);
}
// A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch
// events, it just doesn't respond to them.
return (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
(viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE));
}
if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
return true;
}
}
if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
(viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)) {
switch (event.getAction()) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
// take focus if we don't have it already and we should in
// touch mode.
boolean focusTaken = false;
if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
focusTaken = requestFocus();
}
if (prepressed) {
// The button is being released before we actually
// showed it as pressed. Make it show the pressed
// state now (before scheduling the click) to ensure
// the user sees it.
setPressed(true);
}
if (!mHasPerformedLongPress) {
// This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
removeLongPressCallback();
// Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state
if (!focusTaken) {
// Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
// performClick directly. This lets other visual state
// of the view update before click actions start.
if (mPerformClick == null) {
mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
}
if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
performClick();
}
}
}
if (mUnsetPressedState == null) {
mUnsetPressedState = new UnsetPressedState();
}
if (prepressed) {
postDelayed(mUnsetPressedState,
ViewConfiguration.getPressedStateDuration());
} else if (!post(mUnsetPressedState)) {
// If the post failed, unpress right now
mUnsetPressedState.run();
}
removeTapCallback();
}
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
if (performButtonActionOnTouchDown(event)) {
break;
}
// Walk up the hierarchy to determine if we're inside a scrolling container.
boolean isInScrollingContainer = isInScrollingContainer();
// For views inside a scrolling container, delay the pressed feedback for
// a short period in case this is a scroll.
if (isInScrollingContainer) {
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_PREPRESSED;
if (mPendingCheckForTap == null) {
mPendingCheckForTap = new CheckForTap();
}
postDelayed(mPendingCheckForTap,
ViewConfiguration.getTapTimeout());
} else {
// Not inside a scrolling container, so show the feedback right away
setPressed(true);
checkForLongClick(0);
}
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
setPressed(false);
removeTapCallback();
removeLongPressCallback();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
final int x = (int) event.getX();
final int y = (int) event.getY();
// Be lenient about moving outside of buttons
if (!pointInView(x, y, mTouchSlop)) {
// Outside button
removeTapCallback();
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
// Remove any future long press/tap checks
removeLongPressCallback();
setPressed(false);
}
}
break;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
代码太长,我们只看重点,在ACTION_UP这个case当中,我们找到了关键的代码(第109行):performClick()。
至此,我们已经基本搞清楚了回调机制的整个过程。