说明：
本文安装配置了Oracle 11g Dataguard 物理备库，并测试了11g Dataguard 物理备库新特性Active Data Guard, 是Oracle Database Enterprise Edition的一个功能，需要额外授权，本文只用于测试。
相关阅读：配置Oracle 11g的Dataguard测试，创建物理备库(Physical Standby Database)
有关DG的相关概念，可参考：Oracle Data Guard Concepts and Administration
有关配置DG的参数描述，可参考：
基于同一主机配置 Oracle 11g Data Guard
一、环境介绍
1. 主数据库环境
操作系统版本: OEL5.8 x64
数据库版本 : Oracle 11.2.0.3 x64
数据库sid名 : orcl
2. 备库环境
操作系统版本: OEL5.8 x64
数据库版本 : Oracle 11.2.0.3 x64 （只安装oracle数据库软件,no netca dbca）
数据库sid名 : orcl
3. DataGuard启动顺序
启动顺序：先启备库，后启主库
关闭顺序：先关主库，后关备库
二、主数据库配置
1. 配置hosts文件
# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.233.200 rman
192.168.233.150 slave
2. 修改配置lisener监听文件
$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.200)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
3. 修改配置tnsname.ora文件
说明：ORCL是主库的服务名，DG是备库的服务名。
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.200)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
DG =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.150)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = abc)
)
)
4. 修改配置成规档模式
1)、检查数据库是否处于归档状态
SQL> archive log list;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;
2)、将主库设置为 FORCE LOGGING 模式
SQL> alter database force logging;
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FORCE_LOG
———
YES
5. 修改参数文件
SQL>
alter system set db_unique_name='ORCL' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(ORCL,DG)';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/archivelog/ valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)
db_unique_name=ORCL' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=DG lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role)
db_unique_name=DG';
alter system set fal_client='ORCL';
alter system set fal_server='DG';
alter system set standby_file_management=auto;
alter database add standby logfile group 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo04.log' size 50M; alter database add standby logfile group 5 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo05.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo06.log' size 50M; alter database add standby logfile group 7 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby_redo07.log' size 50M;
shutdown immediate
startup
create pfile from spfile;
6. 将pfile文件拷贝到备库。
$ scp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora 192.168.233.150:/home/oracle/