摘要:本文描述了使用Oracle Stream流复制功能,进行双向流复制。主要用于实现实时的数据库同步和备份。 Oracle Stream功能是为提高数据库的高可用性而设计的。Oracle Stream利用高级队列技术,通过解析归档日志,将归档日志解析成DDL及DML语句,从而实现数据库之间的同步。这种技术可以将整个数据库、数据库中的对象复制到另一数据库中,通过使用Stream的技术,对归档日志的挖掘,可以在对主系统没有任何压力的情况下,实现对数据库对象级甚至整个数据库的同步。
双向Stream配置
以两台oracle10g服务器stream1(192.168.1.101)和stream2(192.168.1.102)配置双向stream为例。
1. oracle归档模式,追加日志,global_name
1.1. oracle归档模式
确认oracle处于归档模式,如不是,则修改为归档模式。
通过如下查看oracle是否处于归档模式:
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
如上则为归档模式,如为非归档模式,可通过如下命令修改为归档模式,
sqlplus ‘/ as sysdba’
alter system set log_archive_dest_1=’location=/opt/test’ scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_start=TRUE scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_format=’ arch%t_%s_%r.arc’ scope=spfile;
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
1.2. oracle追加日志
使用管理员账户登录
用于对没有主键(Primary Key)的Table进行修改等操作时记录日志用于流复制。可以基于Database级别或Table级别启用追加日志(Supplemental Log)。
可以直接启用database基本的追加日志。
sql为:alter database add supplemental log data;
1.3. oracle global_name
使用管理员账户登录
在两台机器上修改global_name
stream1:
SQL> alter system set global_names=true scope=both;
SQL> alter database rename global_name to stream1.home;
stream2:
SQL> alter system set global_names=true scope=both;
SQL> alter database rename global_name to stream2.home;
2. 配置tnsname
在两台机器上分别配置tnsname,用来访问对方。
在stream1:
stream2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.102)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = orcl)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
)
)
在stream2:
stream1=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.101)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = orcl)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
)
)
3. 创建Stream管理用户
对于两台机器都创建同样的管理用户。
先创建表空间streams_tbs
然后创建strmadmin管理用户和分配DBA,stream权限
SQL> CREATE USER strmadmin IDENTIFIED BY pword DEFAULT TABLESPACE streams_tbs QUOTA UNLIMITED ON streams_tbs;
结果:User created.
SQL> GRANT DBA TO strmadmin;
结果:Grant succeeded.
SQL> BEGIN
DBMS_STREAMS_AUTH.GRANT_ADMIN_PRIVILEGE(
grantee => 'strmadmin',
grant_privileges => true);
END;
/
结果:PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
4. 创建DB_LINK,STREAM队列
使用strmadmin用户登录
4.1. 创建DB_LINK
在stream1上创建:
CREATE DATABASE LINK stream2.home CONNECT TO strmadmin IDENTIFIED BY strmadminpw USING 'stream2';
在stream2上创建:
CREATE DATABASE LINK stream1.home CONNECT TO strmadmin IDENTIFIED BY strmadminpw USING 'stream1';
4.2. 创建Stream队列
在stream1,stream2上执行
SQL> EXEC DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.SET_UP_QUEUE();
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
5. 同步stream1和stream2数据结构和数据
主要为将主数据库user数据结构和数据,导入至从数据库。从而使两个数据库数据结构和数据一致。
可以采用主数据库user导出dmp,从数据库导入或直接在从数据库通过db_link导入。
6. stream1 -> stream2 配置
使用strmadmin用户登录
6.1. 在stream1上创建propagation
BEGIN
DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.ADD_SCHEMA_PROPAGATION_RULES(
schema_name => 'c4',
streams_name => 'stream1_to_stream2',
source_queue_name => 'strmadmin.streams_queue',
destination_queue_name => 'strmadmin.streams_queue@stream2.home',
include_dml => true,
include_ddl => true,
source_database => 'stream1.home',
inclusion_rule => true,
queue_to_queue => true);
END;
其中schema_name => 'c4', 为配置流复制的数据对象,也就是oracle user。以下配置中的schema_name都是同含义。
可以通过dba_propagations查看结果:
SQL> select PROPAGATION_NAME,SOURCE_QUEUE_NAME,DESTINATION_QUEUE_NAME,DESTINATION_DBLINK,STATUS from dba_propagation;
PROPAGATION_NAME SOURCE_QUEUE_NAME DESTINATION_QUEUE_NAME DESTINATION_DBL STATUS
-------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------- --------------- --------
STREAM1_TO_STREAM2 STREAMS_QUEUE STREAMS_QUEUE STREAM2.HOME ENABLED
STATUS为ENABLED则表示创建成功
6.2. 在stream1上创建Capture进程
BEGIN
DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.ADD_SCHEMA_RULES(
schema_name => 'hr',
streams_type => 'capture',
streams_name => 'capture_stream1',
queue_name => 'strmadmin.streams_queue',
include_dml => true,
include_ddl => true,
inclusion_rule => true);
END;
可以通过dba_capture查看:
SQL> select CAPTURE_NAME,QUEUE_NAME,START_SCN,STATUS,CAPTURE_TYPE from dba_capture;
查询到CAPTURE_NAME为CAPTURE_STREAM1 的记录则表明创建成功,此进程还未启动,所以STATUS会是DISABLED。
6.3. 在stream1进行与stream2同步SCN
DECLARE
v_scn NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_scn := DBMS_FLASHBACK.GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER();
DBMS_APPLY_ADM.SET_SCHEMA_INSTANTIATION_SCN@stream2.home(
source_schema_name => 'c4',
source_database_name => 'stream1.home',
instantiation_scn => v_scn,
recursive => true);
END;
6.4. stream2上创建apply进程
BEGIN
DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.ADD_SCHEMA_RULES(
schema_name => 'c4',
streams_type => 'apply',
streams_name => 'apply_stream2',
queue_name => 'strmadmin.streams_queue',
include_dml => true,
include_ddl => true,
source_database => 'stream1.home',
inclusion_rule => true);
END;
通过查询语句 select * from dba_apply;
可以查询到APPLY_NAME为APPLY_STREAM2的记录。
7. stream2 -> stream1 配置
使用strmadmin用户登录
7.1. 在stream2上创建propagation
BEGIN
DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.ADD_SCHEMA_PROPAGATION_RULES(
schema_name => 'c4',
streams_name => 'stream2_to_stream1',
source_queue_name => 'strmadmin.streams_queue',
destination_queue_name => 'strmadmin.streams_queue@stream1.home',
include_dml => true,
include_ddl => true,
source_database => 'stream2.home',
inclusion_rule => true,
queue_to_queue => true);
END;
其中schema_name => 'c4', 为配置流复制的数据对象,也就是oracle user。以下配置中的schema_name都是同含义。
可以通过dba_propagations查看结果:
SQL> select PROPAGATION_NAME,SOURCE_QUEUE_NAME,DESTINATION_QUEUE_NAME,DESTINATION_DBLINK,STATUS from dba_propagation;
PROPAGATION_NAME SOURCE_QUEUE_NAME DESTINATION_QUEUE_NAME DESTINATION_DBL STATUS
-------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------- --------------- --------
STREAM2_TO_STREAM1 STREAMS_QUEUE STREAMS_QUEUE STREAM1.HOME ENABLED
STATUS为ENABLED则表示创建成功
7.2. 在stream2上创建Capture进程
BEGIN
DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.ADD_SCHEMA_RULES(
schema_name => 'hr',
streams_type => 'capture',
streams_name => 'capture_stream2',
queue_name => 'strmadmin.streams_queue',
include_dml => true,
include_ddl => true,
inclusion_rule => true);
END;
可以通过dba_capture查看:
SQL> select CAPTURE_NAME,QUEUE_NAME,START_SCN,STATUS,CAPTURE_TYPE from dba_capture;
查询到CAPTURE_NAME为CAPTURE_STREAM2 的记录则表明创建成功,此进程还未启动,所以STATUS会是DISABLED。
7.3. 在stream2进行与stream1同步SCN
DECLARE
v_scn NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_scn := DBMS_FLASHBACK.GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER();
DBMS_APPLY_ADM.SET_SCHEMA_INSTANTIATION_SCN@stream1.home(
source_schema_name => 'c4',
source_database_name => 'stream2.home',
instantiation_scn => v_scn,
recursive => true);
END;
7.4. stream1上创建apply进程
BEGIN
DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.ADD_SCHEMA_RULES(
schema_name => 'c4',
streams_type => 'apply',
streams_name => 'apply_stream1',
queue_name => 'strmadmin.streams_queue',
include_dml => true,
include_ddl => true,
source_database => 'stream2.home',
inclusion_rule => true);
END;
通过查询语句 select * from dba_apply;
可以查询到APPLY_NAME为APPLY_STREAM1的记录。
8. 启动
8.1. stream1-> stream2
均使用strmadmin用户登录
在stream2上启动apply:
SQL>
BEGIN
DBMS_APPLY_ADM.SET_PARAMETER(
apply_name => 'apply_stream2',
parameter => 'disable_on_error',
value => 'n');
END;
结果:PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
BEGIN
DBMS_APPLY_ADM.START_APPLY(
apply_name => 'apply_stream2');
END;
结果:PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
通过如下sql查询状态:
SQL> select apply_name,queue_name,status from dba_apply;
APPLY_NAME QUEUE_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ -------------------------- --------
APPLY_STREAM2 STREAMS_QUEUE ENABLED
在stream1上启动capture:
SQL>
BEGIN
DBMS_CAPTURE_ADM.START_CAPTURE(
capture_name => 'capture_stream1');
END;
通过如下sql查询启动状态:
SQL> select capture_name,status from dba_capture;
CAPTURE_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ------------
CAPTURE_STREAM1 ENABLED
8.2. stream2 -> stream1
在stream1上启动apply:
SQL>
BEGIN
DBMS_APPLY_ADM.SET_PARAMETER(
apply_name => 'apply_stream1',
parameter => 'disable_on_error',
value => 'n');
END;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
BEGIN
DBMS_APPLY_ADM.START_APPLY(
apply_name => 'apply_stream1');
END;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select apply_name,queue_name,status from dba_apply;
APPLY_NAME QUEUE_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ -------------------------- --------
APPLY_STREAM1 STREAMS_QUEUE ENABLED
在stream2上启动capture:
SQL>
BEGIN
DBMS_CAPTURE_ADM.START_CAPTURE(
capture_name => 'capture_stream2');
END;
SQL> select capture_name,status from dba_capture;
CAPTURE_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ------------
CAPTURE_STREAM2 ENABLED
启动完成后,通过对两个库进行DDL,DML操作均可实时同步,验证配置成功。
: