Oracle 11gR1的新特性，Rman备份UNDO表空间时排除已经提交的会话对应的数据，提高了Rman备份的效率。
官方文档：http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28279/chapter1.htm#AREANO02323
我们知道，UNDO表空间主要用于存储前镜像数据，这些数据在回滚以及恢复过程中可能被用到。但是一个生产数据库的UNDO表空间可能会变得非常巨大，而备份完整的UNDO数据文件在恢复时一般可能用到的比例很小。
测试一下：
--数据库版本
sys@ORCL>select * from v$version;
BANNER
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
--创建环境
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 select * from dba_segments;
5887 rows created.
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 select * from dba_segments;
5887 rows created.
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 select * from dba_segments;
5887 rows created.
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 select * from dba_segments;
5887 rows created.
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 select * from dba_segments;
5887 rows created.
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 select * from dba_segments;
5887 rows created.
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 select * from dba_segments;
5887 rows created.
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 select * from dba_segments;
5887 rows created.
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 select * from dba_segments;
5887 rows created.
zx@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
zx@ORCL>delete from t1;
288463 rows deleted.
zx@ORCL>select status,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 from dba_undo_extents group by status;
STATUS SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024
--------------------------- --------------------
UNEXPIRED 9.125
EXPIRED .4375
ACTIVE 89.125
zx@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
--两次备份undo表空间文件
RMAN> backup datafile 5;
Starting backup at 2016-12-22 13:09:27
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs2_01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2016-12-22 13:09:27
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2016-12-22 13:09:28
piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db1/dbs/3aro4007_1_1 tag=TAG20161222T130927 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2016-12-22 13:09:28
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2016-12-22 13:09:28
piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db1/dbs/c-1444351641-20161222-0f comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2016-12-22 13:09:31
--查看备份后的文件大小
RMAN> list backup of datafile 5;
List of Backup Sets
===================
--第一次备份文件大小99.27M
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
87 Full 99.27M DISK 00:00:03 2016-12-22 12:11:54
BP Key: 87 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20161222T121151
Piece Name: /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db1/dbs/36ro3sk7_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 87
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
5 Full 9042031 2016-12-22 12:11:51 /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs2_01.dbf
--第二次备份文件大小2.16M
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
89 Full 2.16M DISK 00:00:01 2016-12-22 12:34:42
BP Key: 89 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20161222T123441
Piece Name: /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db1/dbs/38ro3tv1_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 89
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
5 Full 9042576 2016-12-22 12:34:41 /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs2_01.dbf
--查看操作系统文件大小
[oracle@rhel6 release]$ ls -lh /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db1/dbs/36ro3sk7_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 100M Dec 22 12:11 /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db1/dbs/36ro3sk7_1_1
[oracle@rhel6 release]$ ls -lh /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db1/dbs/38ro3tv1_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.2M Dec 22 12:34 /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db1/dbs/38ro3tv1_1_1
这个新特性也有一些限制
- Compatible parameter must be set to 11.0 or higher
- Backup must use a disk or OSB channel
- For 'backup copy of ' or 'backup datafilecopy' the database must be open for undo optimization to be used.
- Not active for LEVEL 1 incremental backups, only for LEVEL 0 and FULL backups
MOS文档：RMAN 11G : RMAN UNDO backup optimization (文档 ID 406468.1)
A Complete Understanding of RMAN Compression (文档 ID 563427.1)
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