Oracle 12C R1 RAC install
此文当包含Oracle 12C R1 RAC真正应用集群的CRS安装
后续还会有DATABASE安装，NETCA及DBCA的整个过程 for 12cR1的RAC
推荐阅读：
Linux-6-64下安装Oracle 12C笔记
Oracle 12C新特性之翻页查询
解读 Oracle 12C 的 12 个新特性
本文只介绍CRS的安装过程
实验环境硬件介绍
华硕A43S笔记本
系统RHEL6.4_amd64
虚拟化解决方案：QEMU-KVM
节点（3个）配置如下：
系统：RHEL6.4_amd64
内存：1.8G
cpu：2
网卡：2
硬盘：40G
存储配置如下：
系统：RHEL6.4_amd64
内存：256M
cpu：1
网卡：1
硬盘：sda(10G，系统)
sdb(50G，共享)
sdc(60G，共享)
***************************************
注意：RHEL6.4在256M内存的环境下是安装不了的
笔者用的KVM虚拟化，所以安装的时候给512M的内存
安装完成后给其256M.
***************************************
系统架构描述如下：
节点（3个）：CRS DATABASE 存储客户端 实例
提供ORACLE的实例和CRS的集群架构，共享存储从存储服务器挂载
存储：存储服务 DHCP DNS
提供共享存储服务供各个节点挂载，提供DNCP服务分发IP，提供DNS服务，解决SCAN的单客户端的解析。
系统规划如下：
hosts配置如下：
192.168.0.70 racst #存储服务器
192.168.0.71 rac1 #255.255.255.0
192.168.0.72 rac2
192.168.0.73 rac3
192.168.10.71 priv1 #255.255.255.0
192.168.10.72 priv2
192.168.10.73 priv3
共享磁盘配置如下：
由racst主机共享sdb和sdc两块磁盘
分区规划如下：
每个磁盘都分一个逻辑分区，在逻辑分区中分出5个主分区，详情如下
sda
adb5 4G
sdb6 4G
sdb7 10G
sdb8 10G
sdb9 20G
sdb
sdc5 4G
sdc6 5G
sdc7 10G
sdc8 20G
sdc9 20G
DHCP配置IP范围
必须和public接口的IP在同一段配置192.168.0.40～49/24
用户配置
笔者比较讨厌用户太多，所有从RAC创建到dbca结束，笔者打算只用两个组一个用户来解决问题
用户：oracle
群组：oinstall
dba
下边正式进行racst主机的配置
[root@racst ~]# sed -i s/"SELINUX=aaa"/"SELINUX=disabled"/g /etc/sysconfig/selinux && setenforce 0
[root@racst ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop && chkconfig iptables off
[root@racst ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/ #将系统盘挂载media目录下配置yum，以便安装所需的包
[root@racst ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo |grep -v ^#|grep -v ^$ #配置repo文件如下即可
[rhel-source]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Source
baseurl=file:///media
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-RedHat-release
1.配置存储
[root@racst ~]# yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils.x86_64 scsi-target-utils.x86_64 #安装iscsi的服务包
[root@racst ~]# tail -n 6 /etc/tgt/targets.conf #修改配置文件
backing-store /dev/vdb #共享存储为vdb
backing-store /dev/vdc #共享存储为vdc
[root@racst ~]# /etc/init.d/tgtd start #启动iscsi服务
正在启动 SCSI target daemon： [确定]
[root@racst ~]# tgtadm --mode target --op show #查看已经共享的磁盘信息
Target 1: iqn.rac:san.sdb
System information:
Driver: iscsi
State: ready
I_T nexus information:
LUN information:
LUN: 0
Type: controller
SCSI ID: IET 00010000
SCSI SN: beaf10
Size: 0 MB, Block size: 1
Online: Yes
Removable media: No
Prevent removal: No
Readonly: No
Backing store type: null
Backing store path: None
Backing store flags:
LUN: 1
Type: disk
SCSI ID: IET 00010001
SCSI SN: beaf11
Size: 53689 MB, Block size: 512
Online: Yes
Removable media: No
Prevent removal: No
Readonly: No
Backing store type: rdwr
Backing store path: /dev/vdb
Backing store flags:
Account information:
ACL information:
ALL
Target 2: iqn.rac:san.sdc
System information:
Driver: iscsi
State: ready
I_T nexus information:
LUN information:
LUN: 0
Type: controller
SCSI ID: IET 00020000
SCSI SN: beaf20
Size: 0 MB, Block size: 1
Online: Yes
Removable media: No
Prevent removal: No
Readonly: No
Backing store type: null
Backing store path: None
Backing store flags:
LUN: 1
Type: disk
SCSI ID: IET 00020001
SCSI SN: beaf21
Size: 64427 MB, Block size: 512
Online: Yes
Removable media: No
Prevent removal: No
Readonly: No
Backing store type: rdwr
Backing store path: /dev/vdc
Backing store flags:
Account information:
ACL information:
ALL
[root@racst ~]# chkconfig --level 3 tgtd on
存储配置已经OK！
2.配置DHCP
[root@racst ~]# yum -y install dhcp
[root@racst ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 259200;
max-lease-time 518400;
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255; #广播地址
option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.70; #DNS服务器
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.40 192.168.0.59; #按以上规划40～49的范围
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; #子网掩码
option nis-domain "rac.com"; #域
option domain-name "rac.com";
}
[root@racst ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd start
正在启动 dhcpd： [确定]
[root@racst ~]# chkconfig --level 3 dhcpd on
至此DHCP服务配置成功！
3.配置DNS
[root@racst ~]# yum -y install bind-libs bind.x86_64 bind-utils.x86_64 bind-chroot.x86_64 #安装bind，以支持SCAN
[root@racst named]# cat /etc/named.conf |grep -v ^"//"|grep -v ^"$" #配置这个文件和笔者的相同（需要修改的笔者会注释出来）
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; }; #此处需要设置DNS所监听的本机IP，any是监听所有本机的IP地址
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { 192.168.0.0/24; }; #允许处理来自这段IP的DNS请求
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
################以下都是新添加的内容#################
zone "rac.com" IN {
type master;
file "rac.com.zone"; #此处的文件名省去了路径，应该是/var/named/rac.com.zone，正向解析区域。
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "0.168.192.aptr"; #此处的文件名省去了路径，应该是/var/named/0.168.192.aptr，PTR方向解析区域。
allow-update { none; };
};
[root@racst ~]# cat /var/named/rac.com.zone #正向区域解析文件
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 192.168.0.69
AAAA ::1
racst A 192.168.0.70
rac1 A 192.168.0.71
rac2 A 192.168.0.72
rac3 A 192.168.0.73
cluster IN 1H A 192.168.0.69
IN 1H A 192.168.0.71
IN 1H A 192.168.0.72
IN 1H A 192.168.0.73
[root@racst ~]# cat /var/named/0.168.192.aptr #反向区域解析文件
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS rac.com.
A 192.168.0.69
AAAA ::1
70 PTR racst.rac.com.
71 PTR rac1.rac.com.
72 PTR rac2.rac.com.
73 PTR rac3.rac.com.
69 PTR cluster.rac.com.
71 PTR cluster.rac.com.
72 PTR cluster.rac.com.
73 PTR cluster.rac.com.
[root@racst ~]# rndc-confgen -r /dev/urandom -a
wrote key file "/etc/rndc.key"
[root@racst ~]# /etc/init.d/named start
启动 named： [确定]
[root@racst ~]# chkconfig --level 3 named on
DNS服务至此已经配置成功！