故障现象：
[Oracle@L-DB-100-17 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 1月 5 14:59:15 2002
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
处理：更新密码文件
[oracle@L-DB-100-17 ~]$ cd /u01/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[oracle@L-DB-100-17 dbs]$ ls -lt
total 370172
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 10493952 Jan 6 2013 ICMLSNDX_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 15736832 Jan 6 2013 ICMSFQ04_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 31465472 Jan 6 2013 ICMLFQ32_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 26222592 Jan 6 2013 ICMLNF32_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 26222592 Jan 6 2013 ICMVFQ04_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2560 Dec 14 2012 spfilezjport.ora
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 24 May 28 2012 lkZJPORTUTF8
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 24 May 28 2012 lkZJPORTUT
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 1544 May 28 2012 hc_zjportutf8.dat
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 268443648 Aug 20 07:21 cuteinfo_data.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2560 May 27 2001 spfilezjportutf8.ora
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 1552 May 5 2001 hc_zjport.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 24 May 4 2001 lkZJPORT
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle dba 12920 May 3 2001 initdw.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 8385 Sep 11 1998 init.ora
[oracle@L-DB-100-17 dbs]$ mv orapwzjport orapwzjport_old
[oracle@L-DB-100-17 dbs]$ mv orapwzjportutf8 orapwzjportutf8_old
[oracle@L-DB-100-17 dbs]$ ls -lt
total 370172
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 10493952 Jan 6 2013 ICMLSNDX_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 15736832 Jan 6 2013 ICMSFQ04_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 31465472 Jan 6 2013 ICMLFQ32_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 26222592 Jan 6 2013 ICMLNF32_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 26222592 Jan 6 2013 ICMVFQ04_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2560 Dec 14 2012 spfilezjport.ora
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 24 May 28 2012 lkZJPORTUTF8
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 24 May 28 2012 lkZJPORTUT
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 1544 May 28 2012 hc_zjportutf8.dat
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 268443648 Aug 20 07:21 cuteinfo_data.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2560 May 27 2001 spfilezjportutf8.ora
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 1552 May 5 2001 hc_zjport.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 24 May 4 2001 lkZJPORT
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle dba 12920 May 3 2001 initdw.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 8385 Sep 11 1998 init.ora
[oracle@L-DB-100-17 dbs]$ orapwd file=/u01/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwzjport force=y password=xq5m7n
[oracle@L-DB-100-17 dbs]$ orapwd file=/u01/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwzjportutf8 force=y password=xq5m7n
[oracle@L-DB-100-17 dbs]$ ls -lt
total 370180
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 10493952 Jan 6 2013 ICMLSNDX_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 15736832 Jan 6 2013 ICMSFQ04_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 31465472 Jan 6 2013 ICMLFQ32_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 26222592 Jan 6 2013 ICMLNF32_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 26222592 Jan 6 2013 ICMVFQ04_01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2560 Dec 14 2012 spfilezjport.ora
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 24 May 28 2012 lkZJPORTUTF8
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 24 May 28 2012 lkZJPORTUT
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 1544 May 28 2012 hc_zjportutf8.dat
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 268443648 Aug 20 07:21 cuteinfo_data.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 2560 May 27 2001 spfilezjportutf8.ora
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 1552 May 5 2001 hc_zjport.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 24 May 4 2001 lkZJPORT
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle dba 12920 May 3 2001 initdw.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 8385 Sep 11 1998 init.ora
[oracle@L-DB-100-17 dbs]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 1月 5 15:09:27 2002
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1224736768 bytes
Fixed Size 2083560 bytes
Variable Size 436208920 bytes
Database Buffers 771751936 bytes
Redo Buffers 14692352 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit