最近要运维一个项目，准备在家办公，公司无远程作业环境，个人本本不喜欢别人碰，第一次在CentOS上安装，本案留以后使用，毕竟不是经常安装。
注：Oracle11gR2 X64安装
一、环境准备
安装包：
1.VMware-workstation-full-11.1.0-2496824.exe 2.CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso 3.linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
以上觉得不是重点，不给下载地址，不描述安装过程，安装完CentOS 7，截图如下：
![CentOS7安装Oracle 11gR2 图文详解[图片]](/img/tech-article-img-oracle/img_1489053112_414992.png)
第一次安装防坑，没有进行任何操作之前，先在VMware中创建该虚拟机快照，后期搞郁闷了，可以回归到该快照版本。特么还是不放心，又把该虚拟机完整克隆一份（强迫症）。
二、安装Oracle前准备
1.创建运行oracle数据库的系统用户和用户组
[sonny@localhost ~]$ su root Password: [root@localhost sonny]# groupadd oinstall [root@localhost sonny]# groupadd dba [root@localhost sonny]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle [root@localhost sonny]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New password: BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@localhost sonny]# id oracle uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba) [root@localhost sonny]#
为啥要创建oinstall用户组及dba组？ 参考：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-2-092412-zhs.html#13
理论上单例按照需要3种用户组，实际只建两个oinstall和dba，后面再安装oracle数据库的时候把OSOPER组也设置是dba组。
a.oracle 清单组（一般为oinstall): OINSTALL 组的成员被视为 Oracle 软件的“所有者”，拥有对 Oracle 中央清单 (oraInventory) 的写入权限。在一个 Linux 系统上首次安装 Oracle 软件时，
OUI 会创建 /etc/oraInst.loc 文件。该文件指定 Oracle 清单组的名称（默认为 oinstall）以及 Oracle 中央清单目录的路径。 b.数据库管理员（OSDBA，一般为 dba）: OSDBA 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。该组的成员可执行关键的数据库管理任务，如创建数据库、启动和关
闭实例。该组的默认名称为dba。SYSDBA 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。不要混淆 SYSDBA
系统权限与数据库角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或 SYSOPER 系统权限。 c.数据库操作员组（OSOPER，一般为 oper）: OSOPER 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。这个可选组的成员拥有一组有限的数据库管理权限，如管理和运行备份。
该组的默认名称为oper。SYSOPER 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。要使用该组，选择 Advanced 安装类型来安装 Oracle 数据库软件。
2.创建oracle数据库安装目录
[sonny@localhost ~]$ su root Password: [root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oracle [root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory [root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/database [root@localhost sonny]# cd /data [root@localhost data]# ls database oracle oraInventory [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database [root@localhost data]#
3.修改OS系统标识
oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装，Oracle Database 11g Release 2 的 OS要求参考： https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106
我安装是64位数据库，On Linux x86-64：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 （RHEL 7）
另外，CentOS7.0.1511 基于 RHEL7.2 参考：
修改文件 /etc/RedHat-release
[sonny@localhost data]$ su root Password: [root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release redhat-7 [root@localhost data]#
4.安装oracle数据库所需要的软件包
重复一遍，我安装时Oracle Database 11g Release 2 64位数据库。
Oracle Database Package Requirements for Linux x86-64 如下：（参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#BABCFJFG）
操作系统:Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64 gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 ksh libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64
老实人，第一次搞，一个一个的安装,命令也很简单，反正文档要求高版本也可以：
[sonny@localhost data]$ su root Password: [root@localhost data]# yum install binutils
省略...
5.关闭防火墙 CentOS 7.2默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙
[sonny@localhost /]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-04-07 18:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago
Main PID: 802 (firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─802 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service #再次查看防火墙状态，发现已关闭
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-07 21:15:34 PDT; 9s ago
Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Apr 07 21:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 21:15:34 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost /]#
6.关闭selinux（需重启生效）
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/selinux/config [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/selinux/config # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted [root@localhost /]#
7.修改内核参数
红色部分为添加代码
[sonny@localhost /]$ su root Password: [root@localhost /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysct.conf cat: /etc/sysct.conf: No such file or directory [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf # System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf. # To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/.conf file # # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5). [root@localhost /]#
使配置参数生效
[root@localhost /]# sysctl -p net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024 sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小 sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 [root@localhost /]#
8.对oracle用户设置限制，提高软件运行性能（红色为添加部分）
[sonny@localhost /]$ su root Password: [root@localhost /]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf # /etc/security/limits.conf # #This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM. #It does not affect resource limits of the system services. # #Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory, #which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this #file in case the domain is the same or more specific. #That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here #can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the #subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only #with a user specific setting in the subdirectory. # #Each line describes a limit for a user in the form: # # # #Where: # can be: # - a user name # - a group name, with @group syntax # - the wildcard *, for default entry # - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax, # for maxlogin limit # # can have the two values: # - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits # - "hard" for enforcing hard limits # # can be one of the following: # - core - limits the core file size (KB) # - data - max data size (KB) # - fsize - maximum filesize (KB) # - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB) # - nofile - max number of open file descriptors # - rss - max resident set size (KB) # - stack - max stack size (KB) # - cpu - max CPU time (MIN) # - nproc - max number of processes # - as - address space limit (KB) # - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user # - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system # - priority - the priority to run user process with # - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold # - sigpending - max number of pending signals # - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes) # - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19] # - rtprio - max realtime priority # # # #* soft core 0 #* hard rss 10000 #@student hard nproc 20 #@faculty soft nproc 20 #@faculty hard nproc 50 #ftp hard nproc 0 #@student - maxlogins 4 # End of file [root@localhost /]#
9.配置用户的环境变量（红色部分为添加代码）
[root@localhost /]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
[root@localhost /]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
[root@localhost /]#
使上述配置立即生效：
[oracle@localhost /]$ su root Password: [root@localhost /]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile [root@localhost /]#
10.上述都搞定了，上传安装包我喜欢xftp，将oracle安装包上传到/usr/local/src
![CentOS7安装Oracle 11gR2 图文详解[图片]](/img/tech-article-img-oracle/img_1489053113_378364.png)
11.解压安装包
[oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src [oracle@localhost src]$ ls linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip [oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/ (省略...) [oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/ (省略...) [oracle@localhost src]$ su root Password: [root@localhost src]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/ [root@localhost src]#
三、oracle安装
1.图形界面登陆oracle用户：
![CentOS7安装Oracle 11gR2 图文详解[图片]](/img/tech-article-img-oracle/img_1489053114_625015.png)
2.启动oralce安装，到/data/database/database/目录下，执行runInstaller
![CentOS7安装Oracle 11gR2 图文详解[图片]](/img/tech-article-img-oracle/img_1489053114_742071.png)
3.去掉勾，懒得填，个人使用环境不需要自动接收Oracle的安全更新。
![CentOS7安装Oracle 11gR2 图文详解[图片]](/img/tech-article-img-oracle/img_1489053115_598156.png)
4.下一步，只安装数据库软件，个人用不要那些玩意~~
![CentOS7安装Oracle 11gR2 图文详解[图片]](/img/tech-article-img-oracle/img_1489053116_33387.png)
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