在Oracle 11g之前的版本中,若想对表设置只读,可以通过赋予SELECT对象权限给指定用户,但是表的拥有者仍然拥有读写权限。而Oracle 11g 允许通过ALTER TABLE 命令将表标记为只读(read-only)。只读表跟普通的表没有区别,只是不允许任何事务对其执行任何 DML(Insert, Update, Delete) 操作。
测试环境
我们在Oracle11g(11.2.0.3)进行测试。
SQL>
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL>
创建测试表
我们创建一个测试表,命名为linuxidc;然后,插入两条测试数据。
SQL>
SQL> create table linuxidc(id number,name varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into linuxidc values(1,'linuxidc');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into linuxidc values(10,'linuxidc');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from linuxidc;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
1 linuxidc
10 linuxidc
SQL>
SQL>
将普通表设为只读表
我们通过alter table ... read only;语句来实现只读表;而且,我们可以通过数据字典视图 (ALL_TABLES,DBA_TABLES,USER_TABLES,TABS)中的 READ_ONLY 列查询表的只读属性,如下所示:
SQL>
SQL> alter table linuxidc read only;
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL> select table_name ,read_only from user_tables;
TABLE_NAME REA
------------------------------ ---
linuxidc YES
SQL>
执行DML语句报错
只读表不允许任何事务对其执行任何 DML(Insert, Update, Delete) 操作,否则系统会报ORA-12081错误,提示操作不被允许。
SQL>
SQL> insert into linuxidc values(100,'linuxidc');
insert into linuxidc values(100,'linuxidc')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12081: update operation not allowed on table "linuxidc"."linuxidc"
SQL>
SQL> update linuxidc set id=100 where id=10;
update linuxidc set id=100 where id=10
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12081: update operation not allowed on table "linuxidc"."linuxidc"
SQL>
SQL> delete from linuxidc where id=10;
delete from linuxidc where id=10
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12081: update operation not allowed on table "linuxidc"."linuxidc"
SQL>
执行TRUNCATE语句报错
只读表除了不能执行所有DML语句操作外,部分DDL语句也不能执行,比如TRUNCATE,否则系统同样会报ORA-12081错误,提示操作不被允许。
SQL>
SQL> truncate table linuxidc;
truncate table linuxidc
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12081: update operation not allowed on table "linuxidc"."linuxidc"
SQL>
执行DROP语句成功
针对只读表的DROP操作,是被允许的。
SQL> drop table linuxidc;
Table dropped.
SQL>
将只读表设为普通表
我们通过alter table ... read write;语句来实现将只读表设为普通读写表。参看下面SQL语句:
SQL>
SQL> alter table linuxidc read write;
Table altered.
SQL> select table_name ,read_only from user_tables;
TABLE_NAME REA
------------------------------ ---
linuxidc NO
SQL>
SQL> insert into linuxidc values(100,'linuxidc');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> update linuxidc set id=11 where id=10;
1 row updated.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from linuxidc;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
1 linuxidc
11 linuxidc
100 linuxidc
SQL>
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