一、Oracle 控制文件
为二进制文件，初始化大小由CREATE DATABASE指定,可以使用RMAN备份记录了当前数据库的结构信息,同时也包含数据文件及日志文件的信息以及相关的状态,归档信息等等在参数文件中描述其位置，个数等等。通常采用分散放开，多路复用的原则。在mount阶段被读取，open阶段一直被使用维护数据库一致性(数据库启动时会比较控制文件与联机日志文件中的ckpt,即起始scn号，如相等则正常启动，否则需要介质恢复)一个控制文件只能属于一个数据库控制文件的任意修改将写入到初始化参数中指定的所有控制文件中，读取时则仅读取第一个控制文件控制文件只能连接一个数据库，控制文件的大小一般不要超过MB,最多为个，最少一个，互为镜像控制文件中包含的内容数据库的名字、ID、创建的时间戳表空间的名字联机日志文件、数据文件的位置、个数、名字
联机日志的Sequence号码
检查点的信息
撤销段的开始或结束
归档信息
备份信息
二、查看控制文件的相关信息
1.使用相关视图来查看
V$CONTROLFILE --列出实例中所有控制文件的名字及状态信息
V$PARAMETER --列出所有参数的位置及状态信息
V$CONTROLFILE_RECORD_SECTION --列出控制文件中记录的部分信息
SHOW PARAMETER CONTROL_FILES --列出控制文件的名字、状态、位置等
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;
STATUS NAME IS_ BLOCK_SIZE FILE_SIZE_BLKS
------- -------------------------------------------------- --- ---------- --------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl NO 16384 430
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl NO 16384 430
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl NO 16384 430
SQL> select name,type,value from v$parameter where name like '%control%';
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
control_files 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/
oradata/orcl/control02.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/con
trol03.ctl
control_file_record_keep_time 3 7
SQL> select * from v$controlfile_record_section;
TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID
---------------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------
DATABASE 316 1 1 0 0 0
CKPT PROGRESS 8180 11 0 0 0 0
REDO THREAD 256 8 1 0 0 0
REDO LOG 72 16 9 0 0 20
DATAFILE 428 100 8 0 0 28
FILENAME 524 2298 21 0 0 0
TABLESPACE 68 100 7 0 0 7
TEMPORARY FILENAME 56 100 1 0 0 1
RMAN CONFIGURATION 1108 50 0 0 0 0
LOG HISTORY 56 292 35 1 35 35
OFFLINE RANGE 200 163 0 0 0 0
TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID
---------------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------
ARCHIVED LOG 584 28 20 1 20 20
BACKUP SET 40 409 0 0 0 0
BACKUP PIECE 736 200 0 0 0 0
BACKUP DATAFILE 116 282 0 0 0 0
BACKUP REDOLOG 76 215 0 0 0 0
DATAFILE COPY 660 223 1 1 1 1
BACKUP CORRUPTION 44 371 0 0 0 0
COPY CORRUPTION 40 409 0 0 0 0
DELETED OBJECT 20 818 3 1 3 3
PROXY COPY 852 249 0 0 0 0
BACKUP SPFILE 36 454 0 0 0 0
TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID
---------------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------
DATABASE INCARNATION 56 292 2 1 2 2
FLASHBACK LOG 84 2048 0 0 0 0
RECOVERY DESTINATION 180 1 1 0 0 0
INSTANCE SPACE RESERVATION 28 1055 1 0 0 0
REMOVABLE RECOVERY FILES 32 1000 0 0 0 0
RMAN STATUS 116 141 0 0 0 0
THREAD INSTANCE NAME MAPPING 80 8 8 0 0 0
MTTR 100 8 1 0 0 0
DATAFILE HISTORY 568 57 0 0 0 0
STANDBY DATABASE MATRIX 400 10 10 0 0 0
GUARANTEED RESTORE POINT 212 2048 0 0 0 0
TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID
---------------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------
RESTORE POINT 212 2083 0 0 0 0
SQL> show parameter control_files;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/c
ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/
oradata/orcl/control02.ctl, /u
01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/con
trol03.ctl
SQL> select controlfile_sequence# from v$database;
CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE#
---------------------
985
2.使用STRINGS命令来查看控制文件中的具体内容
SQL> host strings /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl | more
}|{z
JORCL
L-+RG
+ORCL
+ORCL
orcl
orcl
-+-='
-+-='
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs02.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs02.dbf
SYSTEM
UNDOTBS1
SYSAUX
USERS
EXAMPLE
TBS1
TEMP
3.备份控制文件到平面文件(然后查看控制文件中的具体内容)
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/u01/app/oracle/ctl.txt';
Database altered.
--或者使用
SQL> host strings /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl > /u01/app/oracle/ctl.txt
SQL> host cat /u01/app/oracle/ctl.txt;
-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf
--
-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="orcl"
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=2
-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch
-- FAL_CLIENT=''
-- FAL_SERVER=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_10=ENABLE
--
-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2.log'
) SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3.log'
) SIZE 100M,
GROUP 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log ' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 7 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log ',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo7.log '
) SIZE 50M,
GROUP 8 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo08.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo8.log'
) SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
-- /ORCL/archivelog/2010_05_20/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
-- /ORCL/archivelog/2010_05_20/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 26214400 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
-- Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2.log'
) SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3.log'
) SIZE 100M,
GROUP 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log ' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 7 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log ',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo7.log '
) SIZE 50M,
GROUP 8 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo08.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo8.log'
) SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
-- /ORCL/archivelog/2010_05_20/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
-- /ORCL/archivelog/2010_05_20/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 26214400 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.