Oracle用户所拥有的权限比较大，因此有些时候需要使用非oracle用户来完成相关数据库管理工作。尤其是多个人维护系统或数据库时，有必要为其添加不同的用户，然后将这些用户添加到dba组。同时这些用户也可以根据自己的喜好来设定不同的环境变量。本文描述了在linux下创建新用户以及使用新用户来连接数据库等。
#查看当前的oracle用户id及其所属组
oracle@SZDB:~> id
uid=2000(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1002(dba)
#当前系统环境
oracle@SZDB:~> cat /etc/issue
Welcome to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP3 (x86_64) - Kernel r (l).
#添加新用户robin
oracle@SZDB:~> su - root
Password:
SZDB:~ # useradd -g oinstall -G dba robin
#查看以添加用户的信息
SZDB:~ # cat /etc/passwd | grep robin
robin:x:2004:1000::/home/robin:/bin/bash
#/home/robin是用户robin的家目录，下面将其修改为/users/robin(此为个人喜欢，可以不用修改)
SZDB:~ # vi /etc/passwd
#查看修改后的结果
SZDB:~ # cat /etc/passwd | grep robin
robin:x:2004:1000::/users/robin:/bin/bash
#因此下面创建对应的家目录，
SZDB:~ # mkdir /users/robin
SZDB:~ # chown -R robin:oinstall /users/robin #修改家目录的属主，属组
#修改新用户的密码
SZDB:~ # passwd robin
Changing password for robin.
New Password:
Bad password: too simple
Reenter New Password:
Password changed.
#切换到新用户
SZDB:~ # su - robin
#查看新用户robin的相关信息
robin@SZDB:~> id
uid=2004(robin) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1002(dba)
#修改该新用户的环境变量
robin@SZDB:~> vi ~/.bash_profile #可以将oracle用户的环境配置文件的内容复制过来
robin@SZDB:~> source ~/.bash_profile #生效新的环境变量
robin@SZDB:~> sid
ORA_CRS_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/10gR2/crs
ORACLE_PATH=.:/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/sql:/users/robin/dba_scripts/common/sql
ORA_ASM_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/10gR2/asm
ORACLE_SID=CNMMBO
ORACLE_BASE=/users/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/users/oracle/OraHome10g
robin@SZDB:~> sql
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Nov 22 17:31:50 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27123: unable to attach to shared memory segment
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied #提示许可拒绝
Enter user-name: goex_admin
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27123: unable to attach to shared memory segment
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
Enter user-name:
robin@SZDB:~> ps -ef | grep pmon |grep SYBO2SZ
oracle 2350 1 0 Oct25 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_SYBO2SZ
robin@SZDB:~> export ORACLE_SID=SYBO2SZ
robin@SZDB:~> sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Nov 22 17:34:52 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
idle> exit
Disconnected
robin@SZDB:~> oerr ora 27123
27123, 00000, "unable to attach to shared memory segment"
// *Cause: shmat() call failed
// *Action: check permissions on segment, contact Oracle support
#查看$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle的权限，此处为751
robin@SZDB:~> cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
robin@SZDB:/users/oracle/OraHome10g/bin> ls -hltr oracle
-rwxr-x--x 1 oracle oinstall 99M 2011-05-13 14:26 oracle
#使用oracle 用户登录
robin@SZDB:~> su - oracle
Password:
oracle@SZDB:~> cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
#修改$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle下的权限
oracle@SZDB:~/OraHome10g/bin> chmod 6751 oracle #这个地方是关键，修改这个权限以便其他用户能够从同一主机访问oracle 环境
oracle@SZDB:~/OraHome10g/bin> ls -hltr oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle oinstall 99M 2011-05-13 14:26 oracle
#Author : Robinson
#Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
#修改数据库所在文件夹的权限以便新用户robin有权限操作该路径下的所有文件
oracle@SZDB:~/OraHome10g/bin> chmod -R 775 /u02/database
oracle@SZDB:~/OraHome10g/bin> su - robin
Password:
robin@SZDB:~> sql
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Nov 22 17:42:50 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Error accessing PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE
Warning: Product user profile information not loaded!
You may need to run PUPBLD.SQL as SYSTEM
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
goex_admin@CNMMBO>