+++10gR2
如果修改了主机名，没有更改/etc/hosts相应的信息，则数据库在关闭和启动的时候都会报错
[Oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Apr 6 19:19:30 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> shut immediate
ORA-24324: service handle not initialized
ORA-24323: value not allowed
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s], [%s]
SQL> shut abort
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Apr 6 19:20:55 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [keltnfy-ldmInit], [46], [1], [], [], [], [], []
SQL>
+++11gR2
如果修改了主机名，没有更改/etc/hosts相应的信息，则数据库可以正常关闭，但是启动的时候会报错
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Apr 6 11:27:27 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shut immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00130: invalid listener address '(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1521))'
SQL> exit
+++12c
如果修改了主机名，没有更改/etc/hosts相应的信息，则数据库不可以正常关闭，但是可以abort关闭，启动的时候会报错
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun Apr 6 11:34:38 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected.
SQL> shut immediate
ORA-00000: normal, successful completion
SQL> shut immediate
ORA-00000: normal, successful completion
SQL> shut abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
SQL> startup
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00130: invalid listener address '(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1521))'