INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH数据类型
Oracle语法:
INTERVAL 'integer [- integer]' {YEAR | MONTH} [(precision)][TO {YEAR | MONTH}]
该数据类型常用来表示一段时间差, 注意时间差只精确到年和月. precision为年或月的精确域, 有效范围是0到9, 默认值为2.
eg:
INTERVAL '123-2' YEAR(3) TO MONTH
表示: 123年2个月, "YEAR(3)" 表示年的精度为3, 可见"123"刚好为3为有效数值, 如果该处YEAR(n), n select numtodsinterval(100,'DAY') from dual;
NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'DAY')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+000000100 00:00:00.000000000
SQL> c/DAY/SECOND
1* select numtodsinterval(100,'SECOND') from dual
SQL> /
NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'SECOND')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+000000000 00:01:40.000000000
SQL> c/SECOND/MINUTE
1* select numtodsinterval(100,'MINUTE') from dual
SQL> /
NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'MINUTE')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+000000000 01:40:00.000000000
SQL> c/MINUTE/HOUR
1* select numtodsinterval(100,'HOUR') from dual
SQL> /
NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'HOUR')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+000000004 04:00:00.000000000
SQL> c/HOUR/YEAR
1* select numtodsinterval(100,'YEAR') from dual
SQL> /
select numtodsinterval(100,'YEAR') from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01760: illegal argument for function
SQL> select numtoyminterval(100,'year') from dual;
NUMTOYMINTERVAL(100,'YEAR')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+000000100-00
SQL> c/year/month
1* select numtoyminterval(100,'month') from dual
SQL> /
NUMTOYMINTERVAL(100,'MONTH')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+000000008-04
时间的计算:
SQL> select to_date('1999-12-12','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('1999-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd') from dual;
TO_DATE('1999-12-12','YYYY-MM-DD')-TO_DATE('1999-12-01','YYYY-MM-DD')
---------------------------------------------------------------------
11
-- 可以相减的结果为天.
SQL> c/1999-12-12/1999-01-12
1* select to_date('1999-01-12','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('1999-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd') from dual
SQL> /
TO_DATE('1999-01-12','YYYY-MM-DD')-TO_DATE('1999-12-01','YYYY-MM-DD')
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-323
-- 也可以为负数的
SQL> c/1999-01-12/2999-10-12
1* select to_date('2999-10-12','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('1999-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd') from dual
SQL> /
TO_DATE('2999-10-12','YYYY-MM-DD')-TO_DATE('1999-12-01','YYYY-MM-DD')
---------------------------------------------------------------------
365193
下面看看INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH怎么用.
SQL> create table bb(a date, b date, c interval year(9) to month);
Table created.
SQL> desc bb;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
A DATE
B DATE
C INTERVAL YEAR(9) TO MONTH
SQL> insert into bb values(to_date('1985-12-12', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), to_date('1984-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd'), null)
1 row created.
SQL> select * from bb;
A B
--------- ---------
C
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
12-DEC-85 01-DEC-84
SQL> update bb set c = numtoyminterval(a-b, 'year');
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from bb;
A B
--------- ---------
C
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
12-DEC-85 01-DEC-84
+000000376-00
-- 直接将相减的天变成年了, 因为我指定变成年的
SQL> select a-b, c from bb;
A-B
----------
C
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
376
+000000376-00
SQL> insert into bb values(null,null,numtoyminterval(376,'month'));
1 row created.
SQL> select * from bb;
A B C
--------- --------- --------------------------------------------
12-DEC-85 01-DEC-84 +000000376-00
+000000031-04
SQL> insert into bb values ( null,null, numtoyminterval(999999999,'year'));
1 row created.
SQL> select * from bb;
A B C
--------- --------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
12-DEC-85 01-DEC-84 +000000376-00
+000000031-04
+999999999-00
========================
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH类型2个TIMESTAMP类型的时间差别。内部类型是182,长度是5。其中4个字节存储年份差异,存储的时候在差异上加了一个0X80000000的偏移量。一个字节存储月份的差异,这个差异加了60的偏移量。
SQL> ALTER TABLE TestTimeStamp ADD E INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH;
SQL> update testTimeStamp set e=(select interval '5' year + interval '10' month year from dual);
已更新3行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL> select dump(e,16) from testTimeStamp;
DUMP(E,16)
---------------------------------------------
Typ=182 Len=5: 80,0,0,5,46
Typ=182 Len=5: 80,0,0,5,46
Typ=182 Len=5: 80,0,0,5,46
年:0X80000005-0X80000000=5
月:0x46-60=10
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND数据类型
Oracle语法:
INTERVAL '{ integer | integer time_expr | time_expr }'
{ { DAY | HOUR | MINUTE } [ ( leading_precision ) ]
| SECOND [ ( leading_precision [, fractional_seconds_precision ] ) ] }
[ TO { DAY | HOUR | MINUTE | SECOND [ (fractional_seconds_precision) ] } ]
leading_precision值的范围是0到9, 默认是2. time_expr的格式为:HH[:MI[:SS[.n]]] or MI[:SS[.n]] or SS[.n], n表示微秒.
该类型与INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH有很多相似的地方,建议先看INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH再看该文.
范围值:
HOUR: 0 to 23
MINUTE: 0 to 59
SECOND: 0 to 59.999999999
eg:
INTERVAL '4 5:12:10.222' DAY TO SECOND(3)
表示: 4天5小时12分10.222秒
INTERVAL '4 5:12' DAY TO MINUTE
表示: 4天5小时12分
INTERVAL '400 5' DAY(3) TO HOUR
表示: 400天5小时, 400为3为精度,所以"DAY(3)", 注意默认值为2.
INTERVAL '400' DAY(3)
表示: 400天
INTERVAL '11:12:10.2222222' HOUR TO SECOND(7)
表示: 11小时12分10.2222222秒
INTERVAL '11:20' HOUR TO MINUTE
表示: 11小时20分
INTERVAL '10' HOUR
表示: 10小时
INTERVAL '10:22' MINUTE TO SECOND
表示: 10分22秒
INTERVAL '10' MINUTE
表示: 10分
INTERVAL '4' DAY
表示: 4天
INTERVAL '25' HOUR
表示: 25小时
INTERVAL '40' MINUTE
表示: 40分
INTERVAL '120' HOUR(3)
表示: 120小时
INTERVAL '30.12345' SECOND(2,4)
表示: 30.1235秒, 因为该地方秒的后面精度设置为4, 要进行四舍五入.
INTERVAL '20' DAY - INTERVAL '240' HOUR = INTERVAL '10-0' DAY TO SECOND
表示: 20天 - 240小时 = 10天0秒
==================
该部分来源:http://www.oraclefans.cn/forum/showblog.jsp?rootid=140
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND类型存储两个TIMESTAMP之间的时间差异,用日期、小时、分钟、秒钟形式表示。该数据类型的内部代码是183,长度位11字节:
l 4个字节表示天数(增加0X80000000偏移量)
l 小时、分钟、秒钟各用一个字节表示(增加60偏移量)
l 4个字节表示秒钟的小时差异(增加0X80000000偏移量)
以下是一个例子:
SQL> alter table testTimeStamp add f interval day to second ;
表已更改。
SQL> update testTimeStamp set f=(select interval '5' day + interval '10' second from dual);
已更新3行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL> select dump(f,16) from testTimeStamp;
DUMP(F,16)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Typ=183 Len=11: 80,0,0,5,3c,3c,46,80,0,0,0
Typ=183 Len=11: 80,0,0,5,3c,3c,46,80,0,0,0
Typ=183 Len=11: 80,0,0,5,3c,3c,46,80,0,0,0
日期:0X80000005-0X80000000=5
小时:60-60=0
���钟:60-60=0
秒钟:70-60=10
秒钟小数部分:0X80000000-0X80000000=0