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如何顺利的从LINUX过度到AIX
来源: 互联网 发布时间:2016-06-03
本文导语: 我以前一直都是在做linux和windows下的工作,包括开发、管理和数据库相关的一些系统集成工作。。。。现在要转入做AIX。。。请问大家有没有经验,如何顺利的从LINUX过度到AIX? | Linux can lear...
我以前一直都是在做linux和windows下的工作,包括开发、管理和数据库相关的一些系统集成工作。。。。现在要转入做AIX。。。请问大家有没有经验,如何顺利的从LINUX过度到AIX?
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Linux can learn valuable lessons from its elder cousins in the enterprise, the proprietary Unixes from the likes of IBM, Sun, and HP. Those operating systems, in turn, can learn some lessons from Linux. Comparing the features of the more enterprise-ready Linux distros with AIX, one of the leading proprietary Unixes, helps identify some of those lessons.
AIX was developed primarily for administrators, whereas Linux has been developed for and by hackers. Right from the start, a key goal of commercial Unixes is to make things easy for the people running them (though they don't always succeed). Only recently has this been a major factor in the Linux world. Some deficiencies can be fixed with improved tools, while others are more fundamental to the operating systems.
The benefit of proprietary hardware
AIX runs only on IBM's own hardware, based around the POWER family of processors, of which the POWER5 is the latest. (Apple's G5 chip is the baby brother of the POWER4.) Pretty much all the adapters and components that run in those servers are either made or rebadged by IBM. In the past IBM has almost given AIX away, making money from the hardware and services instead of the operating system software.
Using a single hardware architecture removes a big headache for AIX developers. There is no struggling to write device drivers for thousands of obscure devices, for a start. By controlling the hardware platform IBM can offer high-end hardware features such as hot-swap adapters and logical partitioning, not to mention servers where the firmware (equivalent of the BIOS) can be accessed through a Web browser when the server is powered off.
There is a significant price premium for this hardware, but there are great benefits too. CPU and memory are not all that matters (though IBM's latest model comes with up to 512GB of RAM, which should be enough for most people). Many companies are happy to pay more, or sacrifice speed, to improve reliability, availability, and serviceability. If an hour of downtime costs your business tens of thousands of dollars, this is a big deal.
Luckily, Linux is coming to have the best of both worlds. Those who want to take advantage of IBM's fancy hardware features can now run SUSE or Red Hat Linux on just about any server than IBM makes and, with logical partitioning, can even run Linux and AIX on the same server at the same time.
Device management
Linux has always been somewhat clumsy at device management. I often find myself trawling through dmesg and playing "guess the device" to figure out if some device is there and how it has been configured. Whether a particular piece of information about a device is available often seems a matter of luck. A variety of other commands with different syntaxes and outputs help to cobble together an overall picture of the hardware on a system.
AIX is a breath of fresh air in comparison. Devices can be queried easily through a few commands. The syntax for amending device settings is clear and consistent across all devices, and the amount of information available on each device is huge.
If new devices are added to a running system, a single command configures them all and installs device drivers where needed.
On my home PC, with a handful of disks and adapters, maybe I don't need the device information to be so easy to access and update. On an enterprise server with 150 PCI adapters and a few hundred disks, however, it becomes a lot more important to have good accurate information about exactly what and where everything is and what it is all doing.
Systems management
For new and experienced AIX administrators alike, AIX's Systems Management Interface Tool (SMIT) is a useful (and often essential) tool. Think of it as YaST2 with fewer sexy graphics but more functionality. About 80% of administration tasks on an AIX system can be done using SMIT. It's simple, easy to understand, mature, and it works. One nice feature is that it always saves the command or script it has run to a file, so you can do something once in SMIT and then script it thereafter. You can even say "don't do this for real, but log the command you would have run."
AIX also has a Web administration tool which, while slow (accessing via the bundled Windows or Linux PC client speeds it up) and occasionally buggy, is still a long way ahead of anything Linux has to offer. Want to set up ipsec? AIX has a nice wizard that makes it easy.
Linux is improving quickly with systems management, but some developers still seem to feel that if is isn't obscure and complicated, there's something wrong. That's fine for hackers, but companies want to employ administrators to run their systems, not hackers, and administrators like things to be easy, especially when they've got a few hundred systems to manage.
Installation and upgrades
Major OS upgrades are still a weak point for Linux. I've tried upgrades on a number of different Linux distros. Sometimes they work, sometimes they don't, and more often than not, I end up installing from scratch.
In comparison, AIX very rarely has a problem with upgrades, even when jumping several versions. I go into an AIX upgrade confident that it will work, and I go into a Linux upgrade with a feeling that it's 50/50.
For new installations, the picture is more balanced. AIX has few problems with new installs. If Linux has a problem, it's normally with some odd hardware -- not a problem AIX has to deal with, of course. Where AIX falls down is the lack of installation options. Only in the latest version of AIX has it been possible to specify a graphics-free installation, and the ability to choose packages at installation time is very limited.
AIX includes the Network Installation Manager (NIM), which can perform new installations, upgrades, software installation, and a number of other tasks across the network. It is easy to set up (via command line, menu, or wizard) and it works well. Similar tools exist for Linux, but right now they lack some of the functionality.
AIX was developed primarily for administrators, whereas Linux has been developed for and by hackers. Right from the start, a key goal of commercial Unixes is to make things easy for the people running them (though they don't always succeed). Only recently has this been a major factor in the Linux world. Some deficiencies can be fixed with improved tools, while others are more fundamental to the operating systems.
The benefit of proprietary hardware
AIX runs only on IBM's own hardware, based around the POWER family of processors, of which the POWER5 is the latest. (Apple's G5 chip is the baby brother of the POWER4.) Pretty much all the adapters and components that run in those servers are either made or rebadged by IBM. In the past IBM has almost given AIX away, making money from the hardware and services instead of the operating system software.
Using a single hardware architecture removes a big headache for AIX developers. There is no struggling to write device drivers for thousands of obscure devices, for a start. By controlling the hardware platform IBM can offer high-end hardware features such as hot-swap adapters and logical partitioning, not to mention servers where the firmware (equivalent of the BIOS) can be accessed through a Web browser when the server is powered off.
There is a significant price premium for this hardware, but there are great benefits too. CPU and memory are not all that matters (though IBM's latest model comes with up to 512GB of RAM, which should be enough for most people). Many companies are happy to pay more, or sacrifice speed, to improve reliability, availability, and serviceability. If an hour of downtime costs your business tens of thousands of dollars, this is a big deal.
Luckily, Linux is coming to have the best of both worlds. Those who want to take advantage of IBM's fancy hardware features can now run SUSE or Red Hat Linux on just about any server than IBM makes and, with logical partitioning, can even run Linux and AIX on the same server at the same time.
Device management
Linux has always been somewhat clumsy at device management. I often find myself trawling through dmesg and playing "guess the device" to figure out if some device is there and how it has been configured. Whether a particular piece of information about a device is available often seems a matter of luck. A variety of other commands with different syntaxes and outputs help to cobble together an overall picture of the hardware on a system.
AIX is a breath of fresh air in comparison. Devices can be queried easily through a few commands. The syntax for amending device settings is clear and consistent across all devices, and the amount of information available on each device is huge.
If new devices are added to a running system, a single command configures them all and installs device drivers where needed.
On my home PC, with a handful of disks and adapters, maybe I don't need the device information to be so easy to access and update. On an enterprise server with 150 PCI adapters and a few hundred disks, however, it becomes a lot more important to have good accurate information about exactly what and where everything is and what it is all doing.
Systems management
For new and experienced AIX administrators alike, AIX's Systems Management Interface Tool (SMIT) is a useful (and often essential) tool. Think of it as YaST2 with fewer sexy graphics but more functionality. About 80% of administration tasks on an AIX system can be done using SMIT. It's simple, easy to understand, mature, and it works. One nice feature is that it always saves the command or script it has run to a file, so you can do something once in SMIT and then script it thereafter. You can even say "don't do this for real, but log the command you would have run."
AIX also has a Web administration tool which, while slow (accessing via the bundled Windows or Linux PC client speeds it up) and occasionally buggy, is still a long way ahead of anything Linux has to offer. Want to set up ipsec? AIX has a nice wizard that makes it easy.
Linux is improving quickly with systems management, but some developers still seem to feel that if is isn't obscure and complicated, there's something wrong. That's fine for hackers, but companies want to employ administrators to run their systems, not hackers, and administrators like things to be easy, especially when they've got a few hundred systems to manage.
Installation and upgrades
Major OS upgrades are still a weak point for Linux. I've tried upgrades on a number of different Linux distros. Sometimes they work, sometimes they don't, and more often than not, I end up installing from scratch.
In comparison, AIX very rarely has a problem with upgrades, even when jumping several versions. I go into an AIX upgrade confident that it will work, and I go into a Linux upgrade with a feeling that it's 50/50.
For new installations, the picture is more balanced. AIX has few problems with new installs. If Linux has a problem, it's normally with some odd hardware -- not a problem AIX has to deal with, of course. Where AIX falls down is the lack of installation options. Only in the latest version of AIX has it been possible to specify a graphics-free installation, and the ability to choose packages at installation time is very limited.
AIX includes the Network Installation Manager (NIM), which can perform new installations, upgrades, software installation, and a number of other tasks across the network. It is easy to set up (via command line, menu, or wizard) and it works well. Similar tools exist for Linux, but right now they lack some of the functionality.
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http://blog.csdn.net/fengyun14/archive/2006/09/20/1255190.aspx
自己找教程慢慢做,实践才有用。
自己找教程慢慢做,实践才有用。