一、测试机安装OS+Oracle Software，包括配置oracle用户、组和环境变量（略）
二、开始异机恢复
1. 复制源库最新备份集、初始化参数、密码文件到测试机
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$ scp *20141012* 192.168.1.213:/tmp
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.213 (192.168.1.213)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 78:0e:33:cb:3f:04:e4:5d:d1:71:29:a4:3f:3a:79:41.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.213' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@192.168.1.213's password:
Connection closed by 192.168.1.213
lost connection
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$ scp *20141012* 192.168.1.213:/tmp
oracle@192.168.1.213's password:
ora10g-4175411955_20141012_860776699_315.arc 100% 4336KB 2.1MB/s 00:02
ora10g-4175411955_20141012_860776704_316.db 100% 165MB 2.1MB/s 01:20
ora10g-4175411955_20141012_860776830_317.arc 100% 418KB 417.5KB/s 00:00
ora10g-c-4175411955-20141012-00.ctl 100% 7424KB 2.4MB/s 00:03
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initora10g.ora oracle@192.168.1.213:/tmp
oracle@192.168.1.213's password:
initora10g.ora 100% 1136 1.1KB/s 00:00
[oracle@ora10g backupsets]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwora10g oracle@192.168.1.213:/tmp
oracle@192.168.1.213's password:
orapwora10g 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00
如果没有生成过initora10g.ora初始化参数文件，则创建一个：
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
创建完默认路径是放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下面
2. 修改初始化参数
[root@bak tmp]# cat initora10g.ora
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='ora10g'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ora10gXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.nls_territory='CHINA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=0
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=0
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
注意，假设我这里测试机使用的目录和源库不同，注意红色部分为修改的内容
3. 把密码文件和修改好的初始化参数文件拷贝到测试机相应位置
[oracle@bak ~]$ mv /tmp/initora10g.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@bak ~]$ mv /tmp/orapwora10g $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
--------------------------------------推荐阅读 --------------------------------------
RMAN 配置归档日志删除策略
Oracle基础教程之通过RMAN复制数据库
RMAN备份策略制定参考内容
RMAN备份学习笔记
Oracle数据库备份加密 RMAN加密
--------------------------------------分割线 --------------------------------------
4. 在测试机根据初始化参数文件中指定的路径创建目录（注意目录必须对于oracle用户有读写权限）
[root@bak tmp]# mkdir /oradata/ora10g -p
[root@bak tmp]# mkdir /oracle/admin/ora10g/adump -p
[root@bak tmp]# mkdir /oracle/admin/ora10g/bdump
[root@bak tmp]# mkdir /oracle/admin/ora10g/cdump
[root@bak tmp]# mkdir /oracle/admin/ora10g/udump
[root@bak tmp]# chown oracle:oinstall /oradata -R
[root@bak tmp]# chmod 755 /oradata -R
[root@bak tmp]# chown oracle:oinstall /oracle -R
[root@bak tmp]# chmod 755 /oracle -R
5. 启动实例到nomount
SQL> startup nomount
由于假设测试机配置要比源库低，而暂时不确定如何分配SGA，刚才在初始化参数中把内存分配的值，都设置成了0，包括sga_target，既然没有自动分配内存组件，那么手动设置sga_target=1G
SQL> !
[oracle@bak ~]$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initora10g.ora
...
...
修改保存后，重新启动实例
[oracle@bak ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Oct 12 17:25:50 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-01262: Stat failed on a file destination directory
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
由于刚才忘记创建了/oracle/flash_recovery_area这个目录，因此报错，如果测试机并不想启用FRA的话，可以把该参数注释掉
SQL> !
[oracle@bak ~]$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initora10g.ora
...
...
[oracle@bak ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Oct 12 17:28:08 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1073741824 bytes
Fixed Size 1223512 bytes
Variable Size 264242344 bytes
Database Buffers 805306368 bytes
Redo Buffers 2969600 bytes
SQL>
6. 恢复测试机控制文件
[oracle@bak ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Oct 12 17:42:07 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ora10g (not mounted)
RMAN>
Starting restore at 12-OCT-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
output filename=/oradata/ora10g/control01.ctl
output filename=/oradata/ora10g/control02.ctl
output filename=/oradata/ora10g/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 12-OCT-14
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
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