操作操作场景
源服务器 OEL 6.3 11G R2 11.2.0.3
目标服务器 OEL 6.3 11G R2 11.2.0.3
源服务器和目标服务器存放数据路径一样
源服务器
[Oracle@mxq ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Sat May 16 08:51:05 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORACLE11 (DBID=2573050700)
RMAN> run
{allocate channel orademo type disk MAXPIECESIZE 1024m;
backup incremental level 0 as compressed backupset database include current controlfile tag='full' format '/home/oracle/db_%s_%p_%t' plus archivelog tag='arch_all' format '/home/oracle/arch_%s_%p_%t' delete input;
}2> 3> 4>
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: orademo
channel orademo: SID=147 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 16-MAY-15
current log archived
channel orademo: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel orademo: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=96 RECID=69 STAMP=879840530
channel orademo: starting piece 1 at 16-MAY-15
channel orademo: finished piece 1 at 16-MAY-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/arch_59_1_879840531 tag=ARCH_ALL comment=NONE
channel orademo: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel orademo: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/orafile/arc/1_96_879804940.arc RECID=69 STAMP=879840530
Finished backup at 16-MAY-15
Starting backup at 16-MAY-15
channel orademo: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel orademo: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
including current control file in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/orafile/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/orafile/oradata/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/orafile/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/orafile/oradata/users01.dbf
channel orademo: starting piece 1 at 16-MAY-15
channel orademo: finished piece 1 at 16-MAY-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/db_60_1_879840533 tag=FULL comment=NONE
channel orademo: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:55
Finished backup at 16-MAY-15
Starting backup at 16-MAY-15
current log archived
channel orademo: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel orademo: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=97 RECID=72 STAMP=879840713
channel orademo: starting piece 1 at 16-MAY-15
channel orademo: finished piece 1 at 16-MAY-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/arch_61_1_879840714 tag=ARCH_ALL comment=NONE
channel orademo: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel orademo: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/orafile/arc/1_97_879804940.arc RECID=72 STAMP=879840713
Finished backup at 16-MAY-15
released channel: orademo
把新的备份集拷贝到目标服务器
[oracle@mxq ~]$ cd /home/oracle/
[oracle@mxq ~]$ ls
arch_59_1_879840531 arch_61_1_879840714 db_60_1_879840533
[oracle@mxq ~]$ ll
total 248900
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 219648 May 16 08:08 arch_59_1_879840531
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1256448 May 16 08:11 arch_61_1_879840714
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 253394944 May 16 08:11 db_60_1_879840533
[oracle@mxq ~]$ scp * oracle@192.168.0.253:/home/oracle/
oracle@192.168.0.253's password:
arch_59_1_879840531 100% 215KB 214.5KB/s 00:00
arch_61_1_879840714 100% 1227KB 1.2MB/s 00:00
db_60_1_879840533 100% 242MB 13.4MB/s 00:18
目标服务器
提示：
如果已经数据文件、控制文件、在线日志文件、参数文件那么新删除掉在进行做恢复不然后面报错
[oracle@mxq ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Sun May 17 12:10:05 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup force nomount;
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 521936896 bytes
Fixed Size 2228072 bytes
Variable Size 159383704 bytes
Database Buffers 352321536 bytes
Redo Buffers 8003584 bytes
RMAN> restore spfile from '/home/oracle/db_54_1_879855779';
Starting restore at 17-MAY-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /home/oracle/db_54_1_879855779
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 17-MAY-15
RMAN> shutdown immediate;
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> set DBID=2573050700
executing command: SET DBID
RMAN> startup nomount;
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 521936896 bytes
Fixed Size 2228072 bytes
Variable Size 176160920 bytes
Database Buffers 335544320 bytes
Redo Buffers 8003584 bytes
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/db_54_1_879855779';
Starting restore at 17-MAY-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output file name=/orafile/oradata/control01.ctl
output file name=/orafile/oradata/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 17-MAY-15
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
RMAN> list backup summary;
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
10 B A A DISK 16-MAY-15 1 1 YES ARCH_ALL
11 B A A DISK 16-MAY-15 1 1 YES ARCH_ALL
12 B 0 A DISK 16-MAY-15 1 1 YES FULL
RMAN> restore database from tag='FULL';
Starting restore at 17-MAY-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=133 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /orafile/oradata/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /orafile/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /orafile/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /orafile/oradata/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/db_60_1_879840533
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/db_60_1_879840533 tag=FULL
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45
Finished restore at 17-MAY-15
RMAN> recover database from tag='ARCH_ALL';
Starting recover at 17-MAY-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 97 is already on disk as file /orafile/arc/1_97_879804940.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /orafile/arc/1_1_879955249.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already on disk as file /orafile/arc/1_2_879955249.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file /orafile/arc/1_3_879955249.arc
archived log file name=/orafile/arc/1_97_879804940.arc thread=1 sequence=97
archived log file name=/orafile/arc/1_2_879955249.arc thread=1 sequence=2
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:17
Finished recover at 17-MAY-15
RMAN> alter database open;
database opened
-----------------------
The migration completed
附加常用命令：
1、概念
差异增量：是备份上级及同级备份以来所有变化的数据块，差异增量是默认增量备份方式
累积增量：是备份上级备份以来所有变化的块
因为累积增量是备份上级备份以来所有变化的数据块，所以累积增量需要更多的备份时间，同时需要较小的恢复时间；
而差异增量正好相反，它可以备份同级备份以来变化的数据块。所以会减少备份时间，但需要更多的恢复时间.在oracle
9中增量备份需要通过扫描整个数据库的数据块才能知道哪些数据块发生了变化，这是一个代价很大，时间很长的过程，
而且由于增量备份形成多个不同的备份集，使恢复变得更加不可靠，所以增量备份在版本9中仍然不被推荐使用;在10g中，
增量备份作了很大的改进，不需要再扫描所有数据块就能得知哪些数据块发生变化，从而大大提升备份效率。但这些却以牺牲磁盘i/o为代价，
所以在oltp事务系统中还得衡量是否愿意以i/o为代价来保证安全及高可用性。10g还支持增量合并，增量备份可支持7级增量。
1、镜像复制(Image Copies)
镜像复制实际上就是数据文件、控制文件或归档文件的复制，与用户通过操作系统命令建立的文件复制实质一样，只不过RMAN是利用目标数据库中的服务进程来完成文件复制，而用户则是用操作系统命令。所以镜像复制的方式体现不出RMAN的优势，也并非我们讨论的重点，大家了解一下即可(啥？想知道镜像复制咋用？卡，问村长去~~~~~)。
2、备份集(Backup Sets)
备份集是通过RMAN创建的逻辑备份对象。一个备份集中可以包含多个数据文件、控制文件或归档文件。备份集在物理上是由多个备份片段组成，每个备份片段是一个操作系统文件。
1. List 当前RMAN所备份的数据库：
完全恢复
restore database 修复数据库
recover database 恢复数据库
不完全恢复
set until time '2012-06-06 21:00:00'; 设置基于时间不完全恢复
set until scn 3404460; 设置基于scn不完全恢复
set until sequence=3; 设置基于序列号不全恢复
restore database
recover database
backup
备份整个数据库
后面指定备份到那里
bakckup database format='/home/oracle/all_U'
备份当前控制文件
backup current controlfile format='/home/oracle/all_U'
备份表空间
backup tablespace user format='/home/oracle/all_U'
备份参数文件
backup spfile format '/home/oracle/spfile_U'
备份所有归档日志，删除备份后的归档日志
backup archivelog all delete input format '/home/oracle/arc_U'
保留策略：
基于时间：
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF n DAYS;
基于冗余数量：
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY n
1.1. list backup summary; --概述可用的备份
list incarnation;--汇总查询
--如果备份文件多的话多用这两个list命令可以对备份文件有个总体了解。
B 表示backup
A 表示Archivelog、 F 表示full backup、 0,1,2 表示incremental level备份
A 表示可用AVALIABLE、 X 表示EXPIRED
列出可以用备份集
list backup of database summary
列出可以用的归档日志
list backup of archivelog all summary
列出可以用的表空间
list backup of tablespace users summary;
列出可以用的数据文件
list backup of datafile n,n,n summary
列出所有备份参数文件
list backup of spfile;
列出所有备份的控制文件
list backup of controlfile;
列出所有备份数据文件
list backup of datafle n,n,n,n;
列出所有的备份表空间
list backup of tablespace tablespace_name;
列出过期所有过期备份
list expired backup;
列出所有备份归档文件
list archivelog all;
delele
删除所有过旧的备份
delete noprompt obsolete;
删除过期备份
delete noprompt expired backup;
上面命令物理备份文件被删除通过下面检查备份是否可用
corsscheck backup;
删除所有过期归档
delete expired archivelog all;
删除指定60天后归档
delete archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-60’；
crosscheck backup of archivelog all;
crosscheck backup of controlfile 核对控制文件的备份集;
crosscheck backup of spfile 核对SPFILE的备份集;
--------------------------------------推荐阅读 --------------------------------------
RMAN 配置归档日志删除策略
Oracle基础教程之通过RMAN复制数据库
RMAN备份策略制定参考内容
RMAN备份学习笔记
Oracle数据库备份加密 RMAN加密
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