1、做全库备份
 
注意：rman 可以把asm上的数据文件备份到文件系统，也可恢复
 
RMAN> run{
 allocate channel c1 type disk maxpiecesize=500m;
 backup current controlfile format '+dgasm/backup/ctl_%d_%s';
 backup full database format '+dgasm/backup/db_%d_%s_%p_%t';
 sql 'alter system archive log current';
 release channel c1;
 }2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7>
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=31 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 24-JUN-12
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUN-12
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUN-12
piece handle=+DGASM/backup/ctl_ora11_19 tag=TAG20120624T172227 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-JUN-12
Starting backup at 24-JUN-12
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DGASM/ora11/datafile/system.257.785186755
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DGASM/ora11/datafile/sysaux.258.785186845
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DGASM/ora11/datafile/undotbs1.259.785186901
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DGASM/ora11/datafile/users.261.785186921
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUN-12
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUN-12
piece handle=+DGASM/backup/db_ora11_20_1_786820952 tag=TAG20120624T172232 comment=NONE
channel c1: starting piece 2 at 24-JUN-12
channel c1: finished piece 2 at 24-JUN-12
piece handle=+DGASM/backup/db_ora11_20_2_786820952 tag=TAG20120624T172232 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:22
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUN-12
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUN-12
piece handle=+DGASM/backup/db_ora11_21_1_786821034 tag=TAG20120624T172232 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 24-JUN-12
sql statement: alter system archive log current
released channel: c1
RMAN>
2、shutdown immediate  关闭数据库，然后删除user数据文件，模拟数据文件损坏
ASMCMD> ls
SYSAUX.258.785186845
SYSTEM.257.785186755
UNDOTBS1.259.785186901
USERS.261.785186921
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD> rm -f USERS.261.785186921
ASMCMD> ls
SYSAUX.258.785186845
SYSTEM.257.785186755
UNDOTBS1.259.785186901
ASMCMD>
3、启动数据到mount，然后open 出现下面的问题
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '+DGASM/ora11/datafile/users.261.785186921'
4、说明数据文件出现问题，查看具体的问题
SQL> select * from v$recover_file
  2  ;
     FILE# ONLINE  ONLINE_ ERROR
---------- ------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
   CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------------
         4 ONLINE  ONLINE  FILE NOT FOUND
         0
FILE NOT FOUND 说明该文件丢失或者损坏，然后执行全库恢复

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