数据泵是服务器端工具，导出的文件是放在数据库所在的服务器上，当然我们知道可以通过directory目录对象来控制。目录对象默认有四个级别，当然是有优先级顺序的，优先级从上往下
1.每个文件单独的指定具体的目录
2.expdp导出时，指定的目录参数
3.用户定义的环境变量DATA_PUMP_DIR指定的目录
4.默认的目录对象DATA_PUMP_DIR
当然了对于Oracle11g R2来说，又引入了一个可选项，我们就当是5
5.DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCHEMA_NAME目录
一、默认的目录对象DATA_PUMP_DIR测试
SQL> desc dba_directories
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------- OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
DIRECTORY_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
DIRECTORY_PATH VARCHAR2(4000)
SQL> set linesize 120 pagesize 100
SQL> col OWNER for a5
SQL> col DIRECTORY_NAME for a22
SQL> col DIRECTORY_PATH for a80
SQL> select * from dba_directories;
OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH
----- ---------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
SYS SUBDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/order_entry//2002/Sep
SYS SS_OE_XMLDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/order_entry/
SYS LOG_FILE_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/log/
SYS MEDIA_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/product_media/
SYS XMLDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/xml
SYS DATA_FILE_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/sales_history/
SYS DATA_PUMP_DIR /u01/app/oracle/admin/tj01/dpdump/
SYS ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/ccr/state
通过查询我们看到，所有的目录都属于SYS用户，而不管是哪个用户创建的，在数据库里已经提前建好了这个目录对象DATA_PUMP_DIR。如果在使用expdp导出时，不指定目录对象参数，Oracle会使用数据库缺省的目录DATA_PUMP_DIR，不过如果想使用这个目录的话，用户需要具有exp_full_database的权限才行
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
BONUS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
SQL> create table demo as select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp;
Table created.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
由于没有exp_full_database，所以这样的导出会报错，你可以选择授权或者使用有权限的用户
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 13:48:19 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.
ORA-39145: directory object parameter must be specified and non-null
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 13:58:14 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> grant exp_full_database to scott;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
授权之后，导出成功，并且导出的文件和日志会到DATA_PUMP_DIR对象指定的目录
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 13:58:52 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=emp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/u01/app/oracle/admin/tj01/dpdump/emp.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 13:59:05
对于oracle11g来说，我们还可以定义一个新的目录对象，对象名称是DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCHEMA_NAME,如果定义了这个目录对象，并授予权限，在用户导出没有指定
具体的目录参数的情况下，导出文件会到这个目录
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ mkdir sdir
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 14:13:06 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create directory data_pump_dir_scott as '/home/oracle/sdir';
Directory created.
SQL> grant read,write on directory data_pump_dir_scott to scott;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp1.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 14:14:29 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Database Directory Object has defaulted to: "DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCOTT".
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** dumpfile=emp5.dmp tables=emp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/home/oracle/sdir/emp1.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:14:34