OS：RHEL 3
CPU：4个Intel(R) Xeon(TM) MP CPU 2.70GHz
Mem：8G
Swap：16G
Disk：120G
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.3.0
二、备份方式数据库以archive模式运行，RMAN多级增量备份。策略如下：
设置控制文件自动备份。
每三个月做一个数据库的全备份（包括所有得数据库和只读表空间）,并备份归档日志。
每一个月做一次零级备份（不包含只读表空间），并备份归档日志。
每周做一次一级备份，并备份归档日志。
每天做一次二级备份，并备份归档日志。
三、 恢复案例
所有恢复的前提：已经做过数据库全备份（包括归档日志），控制文件和spfile自动备份。
1． 损坏一个数据文件（1）故障模拟
删除数据文件：rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf
关闭数据库：shutdown immediate;
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 4
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
强行关闭：sutdown abort;
启动数据库：startup;
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf'
（2）恢复步骤
rman target sys@dbnms catalog rmanuser@cata
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
restore datafile 4;
recover datafile 4;
sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';
sql 'alter database open';
release channel c1;
}
sqlplus sys as sysdba
select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
dbnms OPEN
恢复成功
如果：数据空间没有备份，又要强行启动数据库
Sql> shutdown immediate;
Sql>startup mount;
Sql>alter database datafile '/oradata/test.dbf'' offline drop;
Sql>alter database open;
2． 损坏全部数据文件（1）故障模拟
删除数据文件：rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/*.dbf
强行关闭：sutdown abort;
启动数据库：startup;
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/system01.dbf'
（2）恢复步骤
rman target sys@dbnms catalog rmanuser@cata
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
restore database;
recover database;
sql 'alter database open';
release channel c1;
}
sqlplus sys as sysdba
select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
dbnms OPEN
恢复临时文件：
alter database tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' drop;
alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' size 50M autoextend on next 5M maxsize unlimited;
恢复成功
3． 损坏非当前联机日志成员（1）故障模拟
删除日志文件：rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log
关闭数据库：shutdown immediate;
启动数据库：startup;
select * from v$logfile;--可以考虑从v$log视图中去查找
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ ---
3 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo03.log NO
2 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo02.log NO
1 INVALID ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log NO
1 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo11.log NO
1 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo21.log NO
2 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo12.log NO
3 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo13.log NO
2 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo22.log NO
3 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo23.log NO
4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo31.log NO
4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo32.log NO
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ ---
4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo33.log NO
（2）恢复步骤
alter database drop logfile member '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log';
alter database add logfile member '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log' to group 1;
恢复成功