RMAN 复制目标数据库的理论知识
RMAN 异机复制和同机复制操作步骤是一样的，不同的是我们需要把备份的文件copy到辅助库上去，而且位置要和目标库上一直，因为备份集的位置是写在控制文件里的。
实验平台： RedHat linux 4.7 + Oracle 10g
ORACLE_BASE: /u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID：orcl
IP: 192.168.1.20
ORACLE_BASE: /u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID：orcl
IP: 192.168.1.21
（1）构建辅助数据库目录结构
（2）创建pfile，并复制到辅助数据库，修改相关内容
（3）创建辅助实例口令文件
（4）RMAN 备份源库
（5）添加配置监听
（6）将源库备份文件拷贝到辅助库相同位置
（7）用pfile文件，将辅助数据库启动到nomount 状态
（8）执行RMAN duplicate命令复制数据库
（9）创建spfile文件
（10）在磁带上恢复备份
（11）使用DBNEWID程序生成新的DBID
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir oradata
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
oradata oraInventory product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd oradata/
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir orcl
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir admin
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin oradata oraInventory product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd admin
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls
[oracle@localhost admin]$ mkdir orcl
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cd orcl
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir adump
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir bdump
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir cdump
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir dpdump
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir pfile
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir udump
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls
adump bdump cdump dpdump pfile udump
SQL> conn sys/admin@orcl as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
[oracle@db1 orcl]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@db1 dbs]$ ls
hc_DAVE.dat initdw.ora lkDAVE orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
hc_orcl.dat init.ora lkORCL snapcf_orcl.f
initDAVE.ora initorcl.ora orapwDAVE spfileDAVE.ora
[oracle@db1 dbs]$
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.21 (192.168.1.21)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 1a:20:7a:05:bd:e0:ac:04:21:02:b1:72:01:69:40:d6.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.21' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
initorcl.ora 100% 1108 1.1KB/s 00:00
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
initdw.ora init.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ more initorcl.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=167772160
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=62914560
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_file_record_keep_time=14
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/or
adata/orcl/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=81788928
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=246415360
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
在这里我没有做修改，。 如果说你复制的不同的话，就需要修改相关的实例名。 如果存储位置不同的话，还需要添加以下参数，对数据文件位置进行转换。
db_file_name_convert = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE')
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
[oracle@localhost bin]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl password=admin
[oracle@localhost bin]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
initdw.ora init.ora initorcl.ora orapworcl
windows下oracle默认的位置是$ORACLE_HOME/database目录，文件名格式是pwdSID.ora。
linux下oracle默认的位置是$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录，文件名格式是orapwSID。
创建完后，数据库需要重启动，新的口令文件才能生效。
关于口令文件创建，详细内容参考
Oracle OS认证口令文件密码丢失处理
[oracle@db1 backup]$ rman target sys/admin@orcl
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jul 18 18:26:16 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1248423599)
RMAN>RUN {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
BACKUP FORMAT '/u02/backup/orcl_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 DATABASE TAG orcl_hot_db_bk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
BACKUP FORMAT '/u02/backup/arch_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;
backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctlfile' format='/u02/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T';
backup spfile tag='spfile' format='/u02/backup/ORCL_spfile_%U_%T';
release channel c2;
release channel c1;
}
Linux 平台下 RMAN 全备 和 增量备份 shell 脚本
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
TARGETORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.20)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
AUXORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.21)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)