c++ maps是一种关联式容器,包含“关键字/值”对,头文件:#include <map>,其成员函数列表如下:
begin()返回指向map头部的迭代器
clear()删除所有元素
count()返回指定元素出现的次数
empty()如果map为空则返回true
end()返回指向map末尾的迭代器
equal_range()返回特殊条目的迭代器对
erase()删除一个元素
find()查找一个元素
get_allocator()返回map的配置器
insert()插入元素
key_comp()返回比较元素key的函数
lower_bound()返回键值>=给定元素的第一个位置
max_size()返回可以容纳的最大元素个数
rbegin()返回一个指向map尾部的逆向迭代器
rend()返回一个指向map头部的逆向迭代器
size()返回map中元素的个数
swap()交换两个map
upper_bound()返回键值>给定元素的第一个位置
value_comp()返回比较元素value的函数
c++ STL关联式容器Map详细用法举例如下:
1. c++ STL关联式容器Map最基本的构造函数;
map<string , int >mapstring; map<int ,string >mapint;
map<sring, char>mapstring; map< char ,string>mapchar;
map<char ,int>mapchar; map<int ,char >mapint;
2. c++ STL关联式容器Map添加数据;
map<int ,string> maplive;
1.maplive.insert(pair<int,string>(102,"aclive"));
2.maplive.insert(map<int,string>::value_type(321,"hai"));
3, maplive[112]="April";//map中最简单最
iis7站长之家的插入添加!
3,c++ STL关联式容器Map中元素的查找:
find()函数返回一个迭代器指向键值为key的元素,如果没找到就返回指向map尾部的迭代器。
map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;;
l_it=maplive.find(112);
if(l_it==maplive.end())
cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl;
else cout<<"wo find 112"<<endl;
4,c++ STL关联式容器Map中元素的删除:
如果删除112;
map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;;
l_it=maplive.find(112);
if(l_it==maplive.end())
cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl;
else maplive.erase(l_it); //delete 112;
5,c++ STL关联式容器Map中 swap的用法:
Map中的swap不是一个容器中的元素交换,而是两个容器交换;
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
map <int, int> m1, m2, m3;
map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 1, 10 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 2, 20 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 3, 30 ) );
m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 10, 100 ) );
m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 20, 200 ) );
m3.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 30, 300 ) );
cout << "The original map m1 is:";
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
cout << " " << m1_Iter->second;
cout << "." << endl;
// This is the member function version of swap
//m2 is said to be the argument map; m1 the target map
m1.swap( m2 );
cout << "After swapping with m2, map m1 is:";
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
cout << "." << endl;
cout << "After swapping with m2, map m2 is:";
for ( m1_Iter = m2.begin( ); m1_Iter != m2.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
cout << "." << endl;
// This is the specialized template version of swap
swap( m1, m3 );
cout << "After swapping with m3, map m1 is:";
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
cout << "." << endl;
}
6.c++ STL关联式容器Map的sort问题:
Map中的元素是自动按key升序排序,所以不能对map用sort函数:
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
map <int, int> m1;
map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 1, 20 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 4, 40 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 3, 60 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 2, 50 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 6, 40 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 7, 30 ) );
cout << "The original map m1 is:"<<endl;
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
cout << m1_Iter->first<<" "<<m1_Iter->second<<endl;
}
The original map m1 is:
1 20
2 50
3 60
4 40
6 40
7 30
7.通过以下范例,可以看出map的一些基本用法: 插入、查找、删除、遍历等等。
/* 这个是MS的bug,看着心烦,屏蔽掉警告 */
#if defined (_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(disable: 4786)
#endif
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
/* define a map */
std::map _map;
/* insert */
_map.insert( std::map::value_type(0, 32.8) );
_map.insert( std::map::value_type(1, 33.2) );
_map.insert( std::map::value_type(2, 35.8) );
_map.insert( std::map::value_type(3, 36.4) );
_map.insert( std::map::value_type(4, 37.8) );
_map.insert( std::map::value_type(5, 35.8) );
/* 这个是常用的一种map赋值方法 */
_map[7] = 245.3;
/* find by key */
std::map::iterator itr;
itr = _map.find(4);
if( itr != _map.end() )
{
std::cout << "Item:" << itr->first << " found, content: " << itr->second << std::endl;
}
std::cout << std::endl;
/* delete item from map */
if( itr != _map.end() )
{
_map.erase(itr);
}
/* travel through a map */
std::map::iterator itr1 = _map.begin();
for( ; itr1 != _map.end(); ++itr1 )
{
std::cout << "Item:" << itr1->first << ", content: " << itr1->second << std::endl;
}
std::cout << std::endl;
/* empty a map */
_map.clear();
return 0;
}